Fatores motivacionais que contribuem para a busca de tratamento ambulatorial para a cessação do tabagismo em um hospital geral universitário

Abstract

Objective: To describe the reasons smokers give for seeking smoking cessation treatment, correlating those reasons with sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, stage of readiness to change, and severity of nicotine dependence. Methods: Between February of 2008 and February of 2009, we evaluated 53 smokers who were naive to smoking cessation treatment and sought such treatment at the psychoactive substance abuse outpatient clinic of a university general hospital. The instruments used in the study were as follows: a form for the collection of sociodemographic and clinical data; the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment scale; and a questionnaire on the smoking habit. Results: The sample comprised 34 women and 19 men, with a mean age of 48.1 years. Most of the participants had less than 8 years of schooling, had tobacco-related diseases, started smoking during adolescence, had smoked for more than 20 years, and had high nicotine dependence. The decision to quit smoking was mainly influenced by advice from family members, and the decision to seek specialized smoking cessation treatment was influenced by physicians. Most of the men were in the contemplation stage of change, whereas the women tended to have a more balanced distribution of the stages (p = 0.007). The women had attempted to quit smoking more often than had the men (p = 0.017) and also had a higher level of nicotine dependence (p = 0.053). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the role of health professionals in the approach to smoking cessation and suggest the importance of interventions that are more targeted, in view of the differences between men and women. ResumoObjetivo: Descrever os fatores motivacionais apontados pelos tabagistas para a busca de tratamento para cessação do tabagismo e relacioná-los com dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, estágio de prontidão para mudança e gravidade da dependência da nicotina. Métodos: Foram avaliados 53 tabagistas entre fevereiro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009, que compareceram pela primeira vez a um ambulatório de substâncias psicoativas de um hospital geral universitário em busca de tratamento para parar de fumar. Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma ficha para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos; Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina; escala University of Rhode Island Change Assessment e um questionário com perguntas relacionadas ao hábito tabágico. Resultados: Foram avaliados 34 mulheres e 19 homens, com idade média de 48,1 anos. A maioria apresentava nível de escolaridade fundamental, era portador de doenças tabaco-relacionadas, começara a fumar na adolescência, tinha mais de 20 anos de tabagismo e dependência elevada. A decisão de parar de fumar foi principalmente influenciada por incentivo familiar, assim como a procura e encaminhamento para o tratamento foi influenciado por médicos. A maioria dos homens estava no estágio de contemplação, enquanto as mulheres tenderam a ter uma distribuição mais equitativa n...

Profile and motivation for smoking cessation in surgical inpatients

“…The sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the sample were similar to those described in other similar studies (4,5,7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . Patients were, on average, 54 years old, and had therefore reached an age at which the comorbidities associated with lifestyle factors often begin to appear.…”

“…The association between the diffi culty of quitting and proximity to other smokers has been evidenced by several studies (5,13,17) . This fi nding reinforces the need to involve family and friends in cessation interventions as a way to encourage the smoker to remain abstinent.…”

“…Most participants in the present study started smoking in adolescence. According to the literature, individuals in this age group associate smoking with freedom and independence (5,(12)(13)17) . As such, it is important to address the issue of smoking in both child and adolescent populations, to prevent young people from taking up the habit and becoming smokers in adulthood.…”

Tabagismo: o que tem sido abordado em periódicos brasileiros

“…This trend of prevalence of patients with high levels of tobacco consumption and dependence in reference services that treat tobacco-addicted individuals had already been reported by two other previous studies. A survey conducted with 53 smokers who, between 2008 and 2009, sought a treatment center due to addiction to tobacco and other drugs in the city of Campinas (SP) 40 , showed a similar population profile, with a prevalence of severe nicotine dependence (FTND > 6) in 76.5% of women and 52.6% of men who sought help to stop smoking, and this was decision strongly influenced by the stimulus provided by the family. In another reference center for treatment of smoking in Londrina (PR), Castro et al 10 also demonstrated mean FTND scores > six and tobacco load > 20 pack-years, in approximately 60% of the assessed smokers.…”

Ansiedade e baixo nível motivacional associados ao fracasso na cessação do tabagismo

“…14,15 : consiste de uma lista com 21 itens que são afirmações descritivas de sintomas de ansiedade e mede a intensidade deles (alfa de Cronbach = 0,92). A pontuação dos sintomas varia entre 0 e 63, e os resultados podem ser: mínimo (0-10), leve (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), moderado (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) e grave (31-63). Para fins de análise, a amostra foi dicotomizada, estabelecendo que a pontuação de 0 a 19 fosse caracterizada como mínima e/ou leve e a acima de 20 foi considerada como moderada a grave, assim como estudo prévio 16 .…”