Prevalência de asma em escolares e adolescentes em um município na região da Amazônia brasileira

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of asthma and asthma symptoms in students of two distinct age brackets residing in the city of Tangará da Serra, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study of the prevalence of asthma in children from 6 to 7 years of age and adolescents from 13 to 14, using the standardized International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, phase 1 questionnaire, validated for use in Brazil. Students who responded affirmatively to question 2 (presence of wheezing in the preceding 12 months) were classified as suffering from asthma. Results: The study comprised 3,362 students, of whom 1,634 (48.6%) were children and 1,728 (51.4%) were adolescents. Of the 1,634 children, 816 (49.9%) were male and 818 (50.1%) were female. Of the 1,728 adolescents, 773 (45.0%) were male and 955 (55.0%) were female. The prevalence of asthma among the children was 25.2%, whereas that among the adolescents was 15.9% (χ 2 = 8.34; p = 0.00). The children presented higher prevalences of the following symptoms of asthma than did the adolescents: wheezing ever (54.3%), nocturnal dry cough (43.9%), wheezing in the preceding 12 months (25.2%), and from 1 to 3 attacks of wheezing in the preceding 12 months (19.1%). There were no differences between the two groups regarding physician-diagnosed asthma (approximately 4.5%). There were no statistical differences regarding the prevalence of asthma by gender in the two groups. Conclusions: Tangará da Serra has a high prevalence of asthma in children and adolescents, and this result is compatible with other studies carried out in Brazil and Latin America using the same methodology.Keywords: Asthma/epidemiology; Child; Adolescent. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar a prevalência de asma e seus sintomas em estudantes de duas faixas etárias específicas, residentes no município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional da prevalência de asma em escolares de 6-7 anos de idade e em adolescentes de 13-14 anos, utilizando o questionário padronizado e validado para uso no Brasil do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, fase 1. Foram considerados como asmáticos aqueles estudantes que responderam afirmativamente à questão 2 (presença de sibilância nos últimos 12 meses). Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 3.362 estudantes, dos quais 1.634 (48,6%) eram escolares e 1.728 (51,4%) eram adolescentes. Entre os 1.634 escolares, 816 (49,9%) eram do gênero masculino e 818 (50,1%) do feminino. Entre os 1.728 adolescentes, 773 (45,0%) eram do gênero masculino e 955 (55,0%) do feminino. A prevalência de asma entre os escolares foi de 25,2%, enquanto que entre os adolescentes esta foi de 15,9% (χ 2 = 8,34; p = 0,00). Os escolares apresentaram maiores prevalências dos seguintes sintomas de asma do que os adolescentes: sibilância alguma vez na vida (54,3%), tosse seca noturna (43,9%), sibilância nos últimos 12 meses (25,2%), e de 1 a 3 crises de sibilância nos últimos 12 meses (19,1%). Quanto ao diagnóstico médico de asma, não...

Prevalência de asma em escolares de Alta Floresta - município ao sudeste da Amazônia brasileira

“…The prevalence of asthma observed in the municipality of Alta Floresta was found to be similar to the Brazilian average, however among the highest in Latin America. The scarce studies conducted in areas of the Amazon biome show a prevalence of asthma of 24.4% among SC in Manaus (10) and 25.2% in Tangará da Serra (24) ; while among the AD group it was 23.1% in Belém, 18.1% in Manaus (10) and 15.9% in Tangará da Serra (24) . Compared to the other municipalities mentioned above, Alta Floresta is located in an area with a higher Considering the intense air pollution in Alta Floresta during the dry season (21) and the biological vulnerability of the younger groups, the differences in the results of the SC and AD groups would seem coherent.…”

Asma e fatores associados em adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil

“…Na adolescência a prevalência fica maior para as meninas, o que parece ser decorrente, possivelmente, de fatores hormonais, além de que meninos têm a tendência de subestimar seus sintomas; ao contrário, as meninas podem superestimá-los 30 . Em nossa casuística não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na prevalência de asma entre os sexos, resultado semelhante aos encontrados nos estudos realizados no Distrito Federal por Felizola et al 20 e por Rosa et al 34 em Tangará da Serra (Mato Grosso).…”

Particular characteristics of allergic symptoms in tropical environments: follow up to 24 months in the FRAAT birth cohort study

“…The results, mainly from Europe and US, have shown the importance of particular and common risk factors and their differential influences on allergic diseases, supporting the relevance of doing this type of investigations worldwide, to evaluate the great diversity of settings associated, not only with the climate, geographical location and genetic background, but also with low socio-economic conditions that generate particular risk factors and limit the access to health services. The prevalence of allergic diseases varies among regions and in Latin America, figures of asthma and other allergies in children are very high [37-42]. However, as mentioned, prospective birth cohorts in the region are still scarce, although a growing number are being reported [18-20].…”