Modelagem computacional do tráfego de veículos pela teoria microscópica

Abstract

A necessidade de modelar o fluxo de veículos tem se tornado uma prioridade nos grandes centros urbanos e vias de trânsito em geral. Esse tipo de modelagem pode ser usado como ferramenta para estabelecer novas estratégias, políticas de gerência e controle de tráfego para melhorar a eficiência do sistema de transportes. O tráfego de veículos pode ser representado fisicamente por três escalas: microscópica, macroscópica e cinética. Na modelagem matemática de sistemas físicos complexos, tais como o tráfego, nenhuma representação destas escalasé efetivamente consistente com a física do sistema analisado. Por outro lado, os autômatos celulares vêm se destacando entre os principais modelos computacionais para simulação do tráfego de veículos devido a sua capacidade de representar as principais características do tráfego, utilizando regras simples e baixo custo computacional. A diferença nesse tipo de modelagemé de não envolver nenhum tipo de equação. O principal objetivo deste trabalhoé compreender o uso da modelagem computacional no estudo do tráfego de veículos por meio dos autômatos celulares. Issoé feito apresentando um modelo que emprega regras microscópicas na movimentação dos veículos em pista com uma faixa em sentidoúnico. Os resultados obtidos são os gráficos da densidade vs. fluxo, conhecido como diagrama fundamental, e da densidade vs. velocidade. Palavras-chave: modelagem do fluxo de tráfego, autômatos celulares. The necessity to model the flow of vehicles has become a priority in large urban centers and transit routes in general. This type of modeling can be used as a tool to establish new strategies, policy management and traffic control, to improve efficiency in the transport system. The vehicle traffic can be physically represented by three scales: microscopic, kinetic and macroscospic. In mathematical modeling of complex systems, such as traffic, none of these scale representations is effectively consistent with the physics of the system analyzed. On the other hand, cellular automata are distinct among the main computational models for simulation of vehicular traffic due to its ability to represent the principal characteristics of the traffic by using simple rules and low computational cost. The difference is that this type of modeling does not involve any kind of equation. The main objective of this work is to understand the use of computational modeling in the study of vehicular traffic through cellular automata. This is done by presenting a model that employs microscopic rules on movement of vehicles on the track with a single one-way road. The results are expressed through by graphs, flow vs. density, known as the fundamental diagram, and density vs. velocity.

Dynamic Impact Modeling as a Road Transport Crisis Management Support Tool

“…Macroscopic models are often used in road infrastructure impact modeling structures including Greenshild's Linear Model, Greenberg's Logarythmic Model, Underwood's Exponential Model, and Pipe's Generalised Model. Greenshild's Model is one of the oldest and simplest macroscopic models, based on speed and intensity measurements that serve to calculate density (Bogo et al 2015;Nakrachi and Popescu 2010). Concrete outcomes, using dynamic simulation modeling in road transport, are presented in the article "Increasing Transport Efficiency Using Simulation Modeling in a Dynamic Modeling Approach" (Upreti et al 2014).…”

“…Thus, its intensity can be defined with the help of Equation (3) The specific and direct relationships between these traffic flow status variables are the subject of long-term systematic research, and thus, cannot currently be described as universally valid (see Figure 6). Greenshields' Linear Model is the oldest and simplest, macroscopic model, based on the relationship between speed and intensity, which also allows one to calculate jam density (Bogo et al 2015;Nakrachi and Popescu 2010). The main assumption being that speed and density are linearly related as can be seen in Equation (4): Greenshields' Linear Model is the oldest and simplest, macroscopic model, based on the relationship between speed and intensity, which also allows one to calculate jam density (Bogo et al 2015;Nakrachi and Popescu 2010).…”

“…Greenshields' Linear Model is the oldest and simplest, macroscopic model, based on the relationship between speed and intensity, which also allows one to calculate jam density (Bogo et al 2015;Nakrachi and Popescu 2010). The main assumption being that speed and density are linearly related as can be seen in Equation (4): Greenshields' Linear Model is the oldest and simplest, macroscopic model, based on the relationship between speed and intensity, which also allows one to calculate jam density (Bogo et al 2015;Nakrachi and Popescu 2010). The main assumption being that speed and density are linearly related as can be seen in Equation (4):…”