New species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Central Brazil

Abstract

Moenkhausia dasalmas is described from the upper rio Tocantins basin, in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, Goiás State, Central Brazil. The new species differs from all congeners by the presence of iii,9 rays in the dorsal fin. It can also be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of two humeral spots (first one vertically elongate and second one faint), by the number of branched anal-fin rays (17-19), lateral line scales (36-37), maxillary teeth (4-5), and a vertical dark spot in the caudal peduncle end.Moenkhausia dasalmas é descrita da bacia do alto rio Tocantins, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brasil Central. A espécie nova difere de todas as suas congêneres pela presença de iii,9 raios na nadadeira dorsal. Ela também se distingue das suas congêneres por apresentar duas manchas umerais (a primeira verticalmente alongada e a segunda tênue), 17-19 raios ramificados na nadadeira anal, 36-37 escamas na linha lateral, quatro a cinco dentes no maxilar e uma mancha vertical e escura no final do pedúnculo caudal.

Moenkhausia rubra, a new species from rio Juruena, upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)

“…The genus Moenkhausia Eigenmann currently comprises over seventy valid species (Bertaco et al, 2011a(Bertaco et al, , 2011bMariguela et al, 2013) presenting a wide variation in overall shape and pigmentation patterns (Benine et al, 2004), many of which have been described recently (e.g., Benine et al, 2009;Zanata et al, 2009;Marinho, 2010;Marinho & Langeani, 2010;Sousa et al, 2010;Bertaco et al, 2011aBertaco et al, , 2011b. The genus is widely distributed in South America, being present in coastal drainages of the Guyanas, as well as in the río Orinoco, rio Amazonas, rio Tocantins and Araguaia, rio São Francisco, rio Paraná-Paraguay, and Brazilian eastern drainages (Lima et al, 2003).…”

“…However, these phylogenetic studies included restricted numbers of species of Moenkhausia, and a phylogeny encompassing the whole diversity of the group is still lacking. In the absence of a phylogenetic definition, several authors still use the characters proposed by Eigenmann (1917) to allocate new species in Moenkhausia (e.g., Zanata et al, 2009;Marinho & Langeani, 2010;Bertaco et al, 2011aBertaco et al, , 2011b.…”

The fish fauna of streams from the upper rio Tocantins basin, Goiás State, Brazil

“…The altitude varies from 100 m above the sea level in the lower course of the river to 1.000 m in the high region of the basin (Santos et al 2004). The ichthyofauna of the rio Tocantins basin is closely related to the Amazon basin, especially in the lower course (Goulding et al 2003), but the rio Tocantins basin is remarkable by containing both a high degree of endemism and high diversity (Santos et al 2004;Hubert and Renno 2006;Lucinda et al 2007;Abell et al 2008;Bertaco and Carvalho 2010;Bertaco et al 2011).…”

A new species of Bryconops (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil

“…Although some authors reported the presence of Bryconops species in the rio Tocantins (e.g., Lucinda et al, 2007;Lima & Caires 2011), Bryconops tocantinensis is the first species of Bryconops described from the rio Tocantins drainage and may be an additional example of exclusive fish species from its upper and middle portion, which is recognized by several authors as an area of endemism for several Neotropical freshwater fish groups (e.g., Cardoso & Lucinda, 2003;Bertaco & Carvalho, 2010;Bertaco et al, 2011aBertaco et al, , 2011b …”