A new species of Gymnogeophagus from the río Negro and río Tacuarí basins, Uruguay (Teleostei: Perciformes)

Abstract

The new cichlid species Gymnogeophagus tiraparae is described from the río Negro and río Tacuarí basins (Uruguay). The new species is distinguished from other Gymnogeophagus species by the unique presence of the following characters: adipose hump on head deeper than the dorsal-fin upper border, adipose hump with anterior profile vertical, extending from the upper lip to the dorsal-fin origin, absence of transversal bands on body; two horizontal series of moderately elongated light blue dots between dorsal fin spines, and a series of light blue stripes between soft rays, sometimes merged with the second series of elongated dots, always with a red ground color between series of dots, and caudal fin with dots vertically aligned on its distal border. According to these characters and a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species is closely related to G. gymnogenys.A nova espécie de ciclídeo Gymnogeophagus tiraparae é descrita das bacias dos rios Negro e Tacuarí (Uruguai). A nova espécie se distingue das outras pela presença dos seguintes caracteres: gibosidade adiposa na cabeça mais alta que a borda distal da nadadeira dorsal, gibosidade adiposa com perfil anterior vertical, se extendendo desde o lábio superior até a origem da nadadeira dorsal, duas séries de pintas azul celeste levemente ovaladas na parte proximal da nadadeira dorsal e uma série de linhas azul celeste nas porções posterior e distal da nadadeira, algumas vezes fusionadas com uma segunda série de pintas ovaladas e sempre apresentando um fundo vermelho entre as pintas, nadadeira caudal com pintas alinhadas verticalmente na borda distal. De acordo com esses caracteres e uma recente análise filogenética molecular, a nova espécie é proximamente relacionada à G. gymnogenys.

Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage

“…The monophyly of the G. gymnogenys clade was further tested by Pereyra & García (2008), that found the populations of the G. gymnogenys complex monophyletic, including four clades: clade 1 (= G. mekinos in this study), clade 2 (= G. pseudolabiatus in this study), clade 3 (=G. tiraparae according to González-Bergonzoni et al, 2009), and clade 4 (=G. gymnogenys, stricto sensu).…”

“…After the revision of Reis & Malabarba (1988), five new species of Gymnogeophagus have been described: G. setequedas Reis, Malabarba & Pavanelli, 1992; G. che Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni, 2000; G. caaguazuensis Staeck, 2006; G. tiraparae González-Bergonzoni, Loureiro & Oviedo, 2009;and G. eocenicus Malabarba, Malabarba & Del Papa, 2010, a fossil taxon from the Eocene Lumbrera Formation in northwestern Argentina, raising to 12 the number of described species.…”

“…Pereyra & Garcia (2008) tested the hypothesis that G. gymnogenys constitute a species complex through a Cytochrome b (Cyt b) analysis and found at least four lineages included in G. gymnogenys distributed along the lagoa Mirim, rio Negro and rio Uruguay tributaries, in Uruguay. One of these lineages corresponds to G. tiraparae recently described by González-Bergonzoni et al (2009).…”

A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes)

“…Additional comparisons were done using published data from Reis & Malabarba (1988), Reis et al (1992), and Casciotta et al (2000); coloration comparisons with G. setequedas and G. che employed color photographs provided generously by J. Casciotta and Ariel Puentes, and those available on the website Paraguay Biodiversidad (http://www.pybio.org/). Counts and measurements were taken according to Reis & Malabarba (1988) and González-Bergonzoni et al (2009); E1 scale count refers to scales in the row immediately above that containing the lower lateral line. Cleared and stained (c&s) specimens were prepared according to Dingerkus & Ulher (1977) or Taylor & Van Dyke (1985).…”

Cytogenetics of Gymnogeophagus setequedas (Cichlidae: Geophaginae), with comments on its geographical distribution

“…Within that tribe, Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 can be diagnosed by two apomorphic traits, the absence of a supraneural bone and the presence of a forward-facing spine of the first dorsal pterygiophore (Reis, Malabarba, 1987). Gymnogeophagus currently comprises 17 species, distributed in the Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay River basins, as well as the coastal basins of southern Brazil and Uruguay (Kullander, 2003;González-Bergonzoni et al, 2009;Malabarba et al, 2015;Loureiro et al, 2016). Gymnogeophagus setequedas is the only species of that genus considered threatened in all the Brazilian red lists.…”