An African visitor in Brazil

Pasternak, Jacyr; Wey, Sérgio Barsanti; Silveira, Paulo Augusto Achucarro; Camargo, Thiago Zinsly Sampaio

doi:10.1590/s1679-45082013000200022

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…During 2011-2020, 11 additional papers were published (5 in 2012, 1 in 2013, 2 in 2014 and 3 in 2016) concerning cases diagnosed during 2000-2010; therefore they were not considered for this paper [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Cases Published In Scientific Journalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011–2020)

et al. 2022

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Background Sleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is transmitted by tsetse flies in endemic foci in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of international travel and population movements, cases are also occasionally diagnosed in non-endemic countries. Methodology/Principal findings Antitrypanosomal medicines to treat the disease are available gratis through the World Health Organization (WHO) thanks to a public-private partnership, and exclusive distribution of the majority of them enables WHO to gather information on all exported cases. Data collected by WHO are complemented by case reports and scientific publications. During 2011–2020, 49 cases of HAT were diagnosed in 16 non-endemic countries across five continents: 35 cases were caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, mainly in tourists visiting wildlife areas in eastern and southern Africa, and 14 cases were due to T. b. gambiense, mainly in African migrants originating from or visiting endemic areas in western and central Africa. Conclusions/Significance HAT diagnosis in non-endemic countries is rare and can be challenging, but alertness and surveillance must be maintained to contribute to WHO’s elimination goals. Early detection is particularly important as it considerably improves the prognosis.

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Section: Cases Published In Scientific Journalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011–2020)

et al. 2022

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Human African trypanosomiasis: the current situation in endemic regions and the risks for non-endemic regions from imported cases

et al. 2020

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Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and caused devastating epidemics during the 20th century. Due to effective control programs implemented in the last two decades, the number of reported cases has fallen to a historically low level. Although fewer than 977 cases were reported in 2018 in endemic countries, HAT is still a public health problem in endemic regions until it is completely eliminated. In addition, almost 150 confirmed HAT cases were reported in non-endemic countries in the last three decades. The majority of non-endemic HAT cases were reported in Europe, USA and South Africa, due to historical alliances, economic links or geographic proximity to disease-endemic countries. Furthermore, with the implementation of the ‘Belt and Road’ project, sporadic imported HAT cases have been reported in China as a warning sign of tropical diseases prevention. In this paper, we explore and interpret the data on HAT incidence and find no positive correlation between the number of HAT cases from endemic and non-endemic countries. This data will provide useful information for better understanding the imported cases of HAT globally in the post-elimination phase.

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Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a Chinese traveler returning from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania

Liu¹,

Chen

Chen³

et al. 2018

Infect Dis Poverty

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BackgroundHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is one of the most complex parasitic diseases known to humankind. It usually occurs in endemic areas in Africa, but is occasionally detected in returning travelers and migrants in non-endemic countries.Case presentationIn August 2017, a case of HAT was diagnosed in China in a traveler returning from the Masai Mara area in Kenya and the Serengeti area in Tanzania. The traveler visited Africa from 23 July to 5 August, 2017. Upon return to China, she developed a fever (on 8 August), and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection was confirmed by laboratory tests (on 14 August) including observation of parasites in blood films and by polymerase chain reaction. She was treated with pentamidine followed by suramin, and recovered 1 month later.ConclusionsThis is the first imported rhodesiense HAT case reported in China. This case alerts clinical and public health workers to be aware of HAT in travelers, and expatriates and migrants who have visited at-risk areas in Africa.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0432-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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An African visitor in Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011–2020)

Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011–2020)

Human African trypanosomiasis: the current situation in endemic regions and the risks for non-endemic regions from imported cases

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a Chinese traveler returning from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania

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