Fatores de risco maternos não biológicos para o baixo peso ao nascer na América Latina: revisão sistemática de literatura com meta-análise

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores de risco maternos não biológicos para o baixo peso ao nascer na América Latina. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática de literatura com meta-análise. O instrumento de avaliação metodológica foi Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement. Foram excluídos estudos com fatores de risco patológicos maternos para o baixo peso ao nascer e os trabalhos com avaliação da qualidade metodológica Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement com nota C. RESULTADOS: Sete estudos foram incluídos dos quais cinco deles apresentaram idade materna <20 anos como fator de risco para baixo peso ao nascer. Em quatro estudos, a idade materna >35 anos, influenciou o baixo peso ao nascer. Os demais fatores de risco apareceram em apenas um ou dois estudos. CONCLUSÃO: As evidências obtidas neste estudo sugerem que a idade materna <20 anos e >35 anos são significativas na influência ao baixo peso ao nascer. Observou-se uma escassez de trabalhos com metodologia criteriosa, dificultando a avaliação por meio de meta-análise.

Incidence and associated risk factors of low birth weight babies born in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

“…Many factors are known to have been associated with LBW babies such as young and old maternal age, multiple gestations, obesity, low socioeconomic status, short stature and previous preterm delivery 5. Anemic pregnant women especially in developing countries like Pakistan increase the risk of LBW babies 6.…”

Periodontitis among poor rural Indian mothers increases the risk of low birth weight babies: a hospital-based case control study

“…Some of these known risk factors in mothers for LBW include young and old maternal age, low prepregnancy weight, obesity, multiple gestations, anemia, gestational diabetes, genitourinary tract infections, arterial hypertension, illicit drug use, cigarette smoking, low socioeconomic status (SES), inadequate prenatal care, short stature, excessive alcohol consumption, and previous preterm delivery [5]. Yet, very few of these factors have underlying biological or social mechanisms explaining the link.…”

Maternal Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Term Neonates: A Case-controlled Study

“…22 Regarding poor prenatal care or absence thereof, the observed association emerges in populations from middle and low-income countries, and it is not completely clear in developed countries. 7,[23][24][25][26][27] The potential explanation is that early and adequate prenatal care could be of greater benefit in women with less favorable conditions, where the implementation of this intervention could help address harmful behaviors that affect fetal growth (for example, smoking), early detection and treatment of diseases affecting gestation (such as anemia, malnutrition), and promote healthy lifestyle habits that can have a positive impact on the fetal environment. 20,28 Finally, although maternal age was eliminated as a variable in the second model, the observed association seems plausible, is clinically relevant, and has been documented in other studies.…”