Vertical transmission of HIV from 2007 to 2018 in a reference university hospital in Rio de Janeiro

Gouvêa, Abilene do Nascimento; Trajano, Alexandre J. B.; Monteiro, Denise Leite Maia; Rodrigues, Nádia Cristina Pinheiro; Costa, J. N. da; Cavalcante, Mateus Benac; Auar, Daniela Fortunato; Gouvêa, Érika Ferraz de; Taquette, Stella Regina

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946202062066

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The lack of an early maternal diagnosis leads to a child’s late diagnosis. In our population, infected children were born mostly through vaginal delivery, were breastfed, and had a higher age of diagnosis, corroborating with reports in the literature [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. During vaginal delivery, infants are exposed to HIV-1 via fluids from the birth canal that penetrate their oropharyngeal cavity [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical–Epidemiological Characteristics and IFITM-3 (rs12252) Variant Involvement in HIV-1 Mother-to-Children Transmission Susceptibility in a Brazilian Population

Leandro

Silva

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

Life

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Mother-to-children transmission (MTCT) is the main infection route for HIV-1 in children, and may occur during pregnancy, delivery, and/or postpartum. It is a multifactorial phenomenon, where genetic variants play an important role. This study aims at analyzing the influence of clinical epidemiological characteristics and a variant (rs12252) in interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM-3), a gene encoding an important viral restriction factor, on the susceptibility to HIV-1 mother-to-children transmission (MTCT). A case–control study was performed on 209 HIV-1-infected mothers and their exposed infected (87) and uninfected (122) children from Pernambuco, Brazil. Clinical–epidemiological characteristics are significantly associated with MTCT susceptibility. Transmitter mothers have a significantly lower age at delivery, late diagnosis, deficiency in ART use (pregnancy and delivery), and detectable viral load in the third trimester of pregnancy compared with non-transmitter mothers. Infected children show late diagnosis, vaginal delivery frequency, and tend to breastfeed, differing significantly from uninfected children. The IFITM-3 rs12252-C allele and TC/CC genotypes (dominant model) are significantly more frequent among infected than uninfected children, but the statistical significance does not remain when adjusted for clinical factors. No significant differences are observed between transmitter and non-transmitter mothers in relation to the IFITM-3 variant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Clinical–Epidemiological Characteristics and IFITM-3 (rs12252) Variant Involvement in HIV-1 Mother-to-Children Transmission Susceptibility in a Brazilian Population

Leandro

Silva

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

Life

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“…We identified no completed studies examining The pooled MTCT rate of 2.74% for HIV was lower than 3.6% reported in Swaziland, 38 3.5% in Romania, 39 3•1% in Israel, 40 but higher than 1% reported in Oman 41 and 0% reported in Brazil. 42 Although the pooled MTCT rate of 2.74% is reported in this study, this is not a reflection of good PMTCT program in Nigeria because Nigeria still accounts for the highest number of new pediatric HIV infections in the world. 43 However, current WHO Option B+ for HAARTbased PMTCT interventions require that breastfeeding is allowed for up to 12 months with the mother on the lifetime use of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and the commencement of ARV regardless of the CD4 count, and the infant on daily nevirapine in the first 6 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Objectives: To systematically review literature and identify mother-to-child transmission rates of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria. PRISMA guidelines were employed. Searches were on 19 February 2021 in PubMed, Google Scholar and CINAHL on studies published from 1 February 2001 to 31 January 2021 using keywords: “MTCT,” “dual infection,” “triplex infection,” “HIV,” “HBV,” and “HCV.” Studies that reported mother-to-child transmission rate of at least any of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women and their infant pairs with single, dual, or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria irrespective of publication status or language were eligible. Data were extracted independently by two authors with disagreements resolved by a third author. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird, to produce summary mother-to-child transmission rates in terms of percentage with 95% confidence interval. Protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020202070. The search identified 849 reports. After screening titles and abstracts, 25 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 18 were included for meta-analysis. We identified one ongoing study. Pooled mother-to-child transmission rates were 2.74% (95% confidence interval: 2.48%–2.99%; 5863 participants; 15 studies) and 55.49% (95% confidence interval: 35.93%–75.04%; 433 participants; three studies), among mother–infant pairs with mono-infection of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, respectively, according to meta-analysis. Overall, the studies showed a moderate risk of bias. The pooled rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus was 2.74% and hepatitis B virus was 55.49% among mother–infant pairs with mono-infection of HIV and hepatitis B virus, respectively. No data exists on rates of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus on mono-infection or mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus among mother–infant pairs with dual or triplex infection of HIV, hepatitis B virus and HCV in Nigeria.

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“…However, maternal schooling (p-value = 0.048) and maternal ethnicity (p-value = 0.017) demonstrated an association with vertical transmission, i.e., women with schooling < 8 years and black skin color are more exposed to the risk of vertical transmission. Studies conducted in Acre State 17 , Belo Horizonte city 28 and Rio de Janeiro city 9 found that most of the seropositive pregnant women were of black or brown skin color and presented a low level of schooling. According to the Ministry of Health 2 , 35 , in Brazil, women of brown skin color correspond to 49.8% and women of black skin color correspond to 14.2% of pregnant women infected with HIV, which corroborates the findings of this research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first case of vertical transmission of HIV was described in 1982 in the United States of America (USA) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); in Brazil, it was diagnosed in 1983, in the same period when two cases of AIDS in women were registered 4 , 9 . Several studies show that the vertical transmission of HIV can occur during pregnancy in 35% of cases and during labor and childbirth in 65% of cases; breastfeeding increases the risk of transmission between 7% and 22%; and in planned pregnancies with interventions adequately conducted during prenatal, birth and breastfeeding, the risk of vertical transmission of HIV is reduced to less than 2% 9 , 11 , 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies point as main risk factors of vertical transmission: maternal variables, such as high Viral Load (VL), no Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) received as prophylaxis during pregnancy, and smoking; obstetrical variables, such as not conducting cesarean section when VL is > 1,000 copies/mL after 34 weeks and membrane rupture > 4 h; and neonatal variables, such as low birthweight, breastfeeding, and preterm birth 5 , 9 , 12 , 15 . The main prophylactic measures adopted by the Ministry of Health for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV, according to Protocol 076 (PACT 076) of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, World Health Organization (WHO), were: use of ART during pregnancy; use of injectable ART during childbirth; conducting cesarean section when indicated; use of oral ART in the exposed neonate; and inhibition of lactation associated with the use of infant formula 2 , 16 - 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical transmission of HIV to neonates in a reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2017

Figueredo,

Monteiro,

Batista

et al. 2023

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of Mother-to-child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV to neonates in a reference university hospital in Sao Luis city, the capital of Maranhao State (MA), evaluating MTCT-associated factors. A retrospective cohort study based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Data System (SINAN) was carried out and included all HIV-exposed neonates notified from 2013 to 2017 by the university hospital. The study population comprised 725 HIV-exposed neonates, of whom 672 neonates were exposed and uninfected, and 53 were exposed and infected. The estimated rate of MTCT in the period of 2013 to 2017 was 7.3%. Most pregnant women were ≥ 20 years old (86.9%), reported ≥ 8 years of schooling (53.2%), reported full-time or independent paid work (46.9%) and were residents in other cities of the state (61.7%). Regarding healthcare, 86.3% received prenatal care, 74.6% received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) as prophylaxis during pregnancy, 81.8% received ART prophylaxis during childbirth and 78.1% underwent cesarean section. Among the neonates, 92.8% received ART prophylaxis and 94.3% were not breastfed. Despite these variables, the 7.3% MTCT rate found in this study makes it clear that the interventions recommended by the Ministry of Health were not fully adopted.

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Vertical transmission of HIV from 2007 to 2018 in a reference university hospital in Rio de Janeiro

Abstract: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical–Epidemiological Characteristics and IFITM-3 (rs12252) Variant Involvement in HIV-1 Mother-to-Children Transmission Susceptibility in a Brazilian Population

Clinical–Epidemiological Characteristics and IFITM-3 (rs12252) Variant Involvement in HIV-1 Mother-to-Children Transmission Susceptibility in a Brazilian Population

Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women with single, dual or triplex infections of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vertical transmission of HIV to neonates in a reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2017

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