American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon from 2010 to 2014

Abstract

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is one of the most important but neglected infectious diseases, and can cause severe deformities. ATL incidence remains high in forest regions, such as in the Amazonas State, Brazil. However, differences within the State and over time have been observed, since infection patterns are not homogeneous, and these aspects need to be clarified. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological profile of ATL and its spatial and temporal distribution in the Brazilian Amazon, from 2010 to 2014. Data were extracted from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, which descriptively evaluates the incidence rate, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of the disease. The highest prevalence of ATL was found in men and in the age group of 20-40 years. Approximately 95% of the cases were of cutaneous ATL and they were identified through direct examination. The spatial analysis has shown that ATL was widely distributed, both in rural and urban areas, and more concentrated in the Southern part of the State. Moreover, although there was an expansion in the spatial distribution and an increasing incidence of ATL in Amazonas, the epidemiological profile remained unchanged, suggesting that other factors must be responsible for its widespread distribution and increasing incidence.

Leishmaniose Tegumentar no Estado do Mato Grosso: Características Sociodemográficas e de Saúde Associados com Reações Adversas Laboratoriais e Eletrocardiográficas

“…In the present study, although the incidence of male patients was higher, the results did not find an association between gender and adverse reactions. The higher frequency of leishmaniasis in men is probably due to outside labor activities and exposition to agricultural areas, which are closer to the vector habitat, data also observed in other studies (BRILHANTE et al, 2017;GOSCH et al, 2017;TELES;FONSECA;GONÇALVES, 2019). Cutaneous and mucouscutaneous leishmaniasis related to labor has been described in agricultural or forestry workers in endemic areas and in other specific situations of occupational exposure as, for example, in research and clinical analysis laboratories (TORRES-GUERRERO et al, 2017).…”

“…In Brazil, autochthonous cases of TL have already been reported in all states (ANVERSA et al, 2018;TELES, FONSECA, GONÇALVES, 2019;DETONI et al, 2019). Due to the high incidence and wide geographical distribution, TL deserves special attention because it can lead to disfiguring and disabling destructive lesions, with impacts in the psychosocial aspects of people affected by the disease (TORRES-GUERRERO et al, 2017;BORGES, GOMES, RIBEIRO-DIAS, 2018).…”

Clinical and epidemiological profiles of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis from the states of Pernambuco and Amazonas, Brazil

“…However, changes can be seen in clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic management. These can differ from one region to another because of vector diversity, reservoirs, etiological agents, socioeconomic and environmental conditions, and knowledge of the disease 21 . Therefore, constant surveillance of endemic areas concerning environmental, economic, and social features is needed.…”

Diabetes Modifies the Clinic Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

“…In light of previous evidence documenting the ability of diabetes to modify the clinical presentation of other infections, the observed similarity among the majority of clinical variables between the 2 groups was an unexpected finding. It is known that around 60% of CL patients are typically male [ 43 , 44 ]; however, 69% of those with CL+DM were women. Another finding, and perhaps the most important of our study, was the observation that 36% of CL+DM patients presented atypical lesions.…”