Status of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the State of Rio De Janeiro , Brazil, From 2004 to 2013

Abstract

SUMMARY The aim of the present study was to analyze the status of the American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, from 2004 to 2013, through its spatiotemporal distribution. We also described variables considered relevant to the epidemiology of the disease, such as the clinical form, gender, ethnic group, age group, and progression of disease. This is a descriptive study, which used notified secondary data from the Brazilian Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), Ministry of Health, Brazil, regarding confirmed diagnoses. To help the calculation of coefficients of detection and mortality, we used population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We analyzed 1,470 cases of ATL with the predominance of the cutaneous clinical form (1,292/87.89%). The data has also revealed seven deaths, a predominance of males (922/62.72%), and a higher incidence of ATL in the white ethnic group (731/49.72%). We observed a high incidence of ATL in the group of 20 - 39 years old (477/32.44%). We concluded that there was a decrease in the number of ATL cases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, based on a coefficient of detection of 1.44/100.000 inhabitants in 2004 decreasing to 0.20/100.000 inhabitants in 2013. The localities with the highest occurrences of ATL were the metropolitan region (843 cases) and the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (740 cases). In 2005, the highest incidence of the disease was observed (351 cases) in the study. Among the variables selected to describe the epidemiology of the disease, the following categories: cutaneous clinical form, male patients, white ethnic group, and the age group of 20 - 39 years old were more affected than the others.

Male predominance in reported Visceral Leishmaniasis cases: Nature or nurture? A comparison of population-based with health facility-reported data

“…The severity and outcome of disease seems also to be sex-dependent, with male sex being suggested as a risk factor for death or relapse after treatment-once again especially after the age of puberty [1,25,[28][29][30][31][32][33]. Unfortunately, no information on outcome of the disease was available for our study.…”

Leishmaniasis: a review

“…In a descriptive study conducted by Vita et al ., supported by data from the Brazilian Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), 1,470 cases of CL were analyzed; 87.89% were of the cutaneous clinical form, and there were higher incidences in the white ethnic group (49.72%) and in the 20- to 39-year-old age group (32.44%) 27 . These researchers concluded that there was a decrease in the number of cases based on a coefficient of detection from 1.44 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004 to 0.20 per 100,000 in 2013.…”

Situação epidemiológica das leishmanioses em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

“…A preferência pelo uso de Antimonial Pentavalente, assim como preconizado pelo MS, em ambas as doenças como droga inicial utilizada levanta questionamentos em relação à segurança do tratamento oferecido em um primeiro momento e como está sendo conduzido posteriormente devido ao efeito cardiotóxico deste medicamento², o qual já foi utilizado como justificativa para mortes em indivíduos com mais de 70 de anos 12 . Portanto, devem-se ponderar novamente os riscos propostos aos pacientes já debilitados, haja vista que a Anfotericina B lipossomal é contrária e recomendada em casos de hipersensibilidade dos outros tratamentos 13 .…”