Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats

Salgado, Breno S.; Monteiro, L. N.; Rocha, Noeme Sousa

doi:10.1590/s1678-91992011000100002

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, the chronic administration of 50 mg garlic powder per day led to anti-androgenic effects by inhibiting spermatogenesis in rats, leading to decrease sialic acid concentration in the seminal vesicles, testes, and epididymis with reduced Leydig cell function [82]. Oxidative hemolysis is the main toxicological mechanism of Allium-derived sulfur compounds and it is distinguished by methemoglobinemia development and Heinz body formation in the RBCs [128]. Initially, several clinical symptoms were observed including depression, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, as well as anemia associated with pale mucous membrane, jaundice, rapid heart and respiratory rates, weakness, and hemoglobinuria [128].…”

Section: Adverse Effects and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidative hemolysis is the main toxicological mechanism of Allium-derived sulfur compounds and it is distinguished by methemoglobinemia development and Heinz body formation in the RBCs [128]. Initially, several clinical symptoms were observed including depression, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, as well as anemia associated with pale mucous membrane, jaundice, rapid heart and respiratory rates, weakness, and hemoglobinuria [128]. Allium poisoning symptoms may appear after one day or several days of its ingestion based on the amounts taken [129].…”

Section: Adverse Effects and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review

et al. 2020

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Medicinal plants have been used from ancient times for human healthcare as in the form of traditional medicines, spices, and other food components. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an aromatic herbaceous plant that is consumed worldwide as food and traditional remedy for various diseases. It has been reported to possess several biological properties including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihypertensive activities in traditional medicines. A. sativum is rich in several sulfur-containing phytoconstituents such as alliin, allicin, ajoenes, vinyldithiins, and flavonoids such as quercetin. Extracts and isolated compounds of A. sativum have been evaluated for various biological activities including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities among others. This review examines the phytochemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological activities of A. sativum extracts as well as its main active constituent, allicin.

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Section: Adverse Effects and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adverse Effects and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review

et al. 2020

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“…The onion juice can be used as a rust preventative on metals and as a polish for copper and glass. A yellow-brown dye is obtained from the skins of the onion bulbs (Salgado et al 2011). Onions not only provide flavor; they also provide health-promoting phytochemicals as well as nutrients (Amalraj et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total phenolics, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of three colored onions (Allium cepaL.)

Nile¹,

Park²

2013

Frontiers in Life Science

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Methanolic extracts from bulbs of three onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties: red (Pusa Red), white (Pusa White Round), and yellow (Arka Pitamber) and the CHCl 3 , Et 2 O, EtOAc, and n-BuOH fractions obtained from those extracts were investigated for their total phenolics and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity measurements, expressed as total antioxidant status (TAS), were 5.2-50.18, 2.2-35.6 and 3.5-42.2 mg ml −1 for red, white and yellow onion bulb extracts, respectively, as compared to trolox (IC 50 , 40.2 mg ml −1 ). The total phenolic content of the samples was 62-186, 56-156 and 68-165 mg GAE ml −1 for red, white and yellow onion bulb extracts, respectively, with all solvents. There was a positive correlation between the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for MeOH extracts and EtOAc fractions (R 2 = 0.96, 0.8 respectively). Of the selected colored onion bulbs the red onion (IC 50 = 14.2 μg ml −1 ) revealed more potent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity to those of yellow (IC 50 = 15.5 μg ml −1 ) and white onion (IC 50 = 17.0 μg ml −1 ) in vitro and as compared to control allopurinol (IC 50 = 10.5 μg ml −1 ). The kinetic study by xanthine oxidase revealed that the white and yellow onion extracts were non-competitive inhibitors, as K m values were constant, while V max consequently decreased with increased inhibitor concentration. In the red onion extract there was an increase in K m values while V max remained constant at all extract concentrations, thus confirming a competitive type of inhibition by the Lineweaver-Burk equation. These findings suggest that these onion varieties can be considered as potential sources of antioxidants and XO inhibitory agents.

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“…Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that H.hypnale venom possess strong procoagulant, haemorrhagic and necrotic activities through the presence of phospolipase A2, hyaluronidase, L-amino acid oxidase, thrombin-like enzymes, arginine esterase and various proteases [7-10]. Arginine esterase hydrolase, a thrombin-like enzyme activates clotting factors V and X of the intrinsic and common coagulation pathways leading to thrombin formation and intravascular deposition of fibrin causing vascular occlusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute ischemic stroke following Hump-nosed viper envenoming; first authenticated case

2012

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Hump-nosed pit viper (Genus Hypnale) is a medically important venomous snake in Sri Lanka and Southwestern India which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Envenoming of this snake results in hemostastic dysfunction, thrombotic microangiopathy, acute kidney injury and death. This case describes an authenticated first case of ischemic stroke in a 65 year old male following envenoming by H.hypnale in Sri Lanka.

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Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review

Total phenolics, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of three colored onions (Allium cepaL.)

Acute ischemic stroke following Hump-nosed viper envenoming; first authenticated case

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