Analysis of Enterococcus faecalis in samples from Turkish patients with primary endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatment by real-time PCR SYBR green method

Ozbek, Selcuk M.; Özbek, Ahmet; Erdorgan, Aziz S.

doi:10.1590/s1678-77572009000500004

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In another study, Enterococcus faecalis was found to be less sensitive to ozone than to common disinfectants [32]. In endodontic infections where Enterococcus faecalis is a critical species [33], the effect of ozone was limited in an ex vivo model [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of ozone on periodontopathogenic species—an in vitro study

2011

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The in vitro study was aimed to determine the effect of ozone on periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Ozone was generated for 6 s-2 × 24 s (corresponding to 0.56 mg-2 × 2.24 mg of ozone) against 23 mainly anaerobic periodontopathogenic species. Agar diffusion test was used as a screening method. Then, the killing activity was tested in a serum-free environment and with 25% v/v inactivated serum. Further, the effect of ozone on bactericidal activity of native serum was analyzed against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Agar diffusion test showed a high efficacy of ozone against microorganisms, especially against Porphyromonas gingivalis. This result was confirmed by the killing tests; most of the strains in a concentration of 10(5) were completely eliminated after twofold 18-s application of ozone. Only four of the six potentially "superinfecting" species (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, Candida albicans) survived in part. Addition of heat-inactivated serum reduced the killing rate of ozone by 78% after 6-s and by 47% after twofold 18-s exposures; no strain was completely eradicated after any application of ozone. The bactericidal effect of native serum was enhanced after application of ozone; no effect was visible on the included A. actinomycetemcomitans strain which was found to be completely resistant to the bactericidal action of serum. In conclusion, (a) ozone has a strong antibacterial activity against putative periodontopathogenic microorganisms, and (b) the bactericidal effect is reduced in the presence of serum. Ozone may have potential as an adjunctive application to mechanical treatment in periodontitis patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of ozone on periodontopathogenic species—an in vitro study

2011

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“…The Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic E. faecalis strains mainly inhabit the alimentary tract of humans and the oral cavity, especially related to teeth with persistent periapical lesions of endodontic origin [2]. Numerous studies using culture and molecular methods have shown a higher prevalence of E. faecalis in obturated root canals with chronic apical periodontitis compared to teeth with primary infections [3][4][5]. The survival of E. faecalis in root canals even under unfavorable environmental conditions may be associated with the presence of an enhanced bacterial pathogenicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus faecalis affects the proliferation and differentiation of ovine osteoblast-like cells

et al. 2011

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Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a Gram-positive bacterium, mostly recovered from root-filled teeth with persistent periapical lesions. Bacterial contamination of root canals inevitably results in interaction between E. faecalis and periapical tissues during the dynamic process of periapical inflammation. This study investigated the impact of heat-inactivated endodontic E. faecalis on the proliferation and the differentiation of ovine osteoblast-like cells, in an attempt to elucidate its putative enhanced pathogenicity mechanisms. Therefore, two different concentrations of a heat-inactivated endodontic E. faecalis isolate (2 × 10(6) or 2 × 10(8) CFU/ml) were incubated with ovine osteoblast-like cells for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Cells without antigen served as control. The effects of antigen on cell growth were evaluated by a proliferation assay (EZ4U). Furthermore, the assessment of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression through quantitative real-time PCR determined the degree of osteogenic cell differentiation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also performed to detect alterations in cell morphology. Interestingly, although highly concentrated E. faecalis increased cellular reproduction after 14 days, ALP activity and OCN gene expression decreased in an antigen concentration-dependent and incubation time-independent way. SEM images revealed E. faecalis adhesion on cells, a fact that might contribute to its virulence. These results suggest that E. faecalis stimulated cell multiplication, whereas it likely restrained cell differentiation of ovine osteoblast-like cells. In conclusion, the presence of E. faecalis in root canals may negatively affect periapical new bone formation, and thus, the healing of periapical lesions.

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“…Several studies have compared the frequency of E. faecalis detected in persistent and primary intraradicular infections (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Some of them showed that E. faecalis is more often associated with failed endodontic treatments than primary infections (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(19)(20)(21), whereas others indicate that no statistical difference was found between them (18,22).…”

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confidence: 99%