Urinary fluoride output in children following the use of a dual-fluoride varnish formulation

Abstract

Objective:This study evaluated the bioavailability of fluoride after topical application of a dual-fluoride varnish commercially available in Brazil, when compared to Duraphat™.Material and methods:The urinary fluoride output was evaluated in seven 5-year-old children after application of the fluoride varnishes, in two different phases. In the first phase (I), children received topical application of the fluoride varnish Duofluorid XII (2.92% fluorine, calcium fluoride + 2.71% fluorine, sodium fluoride, FGM™). After 1-month interval (phase II), the same amount (0.2 mL) of the fluoride varnish Duraphat (2.26% fluorine, sodium fluoride, Colgate™) was applied. Before each application all the volunteers brushed their teeth with placebo dentifrice for 7 days. Urinary collections were carried out 24 h prior up to 48 h after the applications. Fluoride intake from the diet was also estimated. Fluoride concentration in diet samples and urine was analyzed with the fluoride ion-specific electrode and a miniature calomel reference electrode coupled to a potentiometer. Data were tested by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p<0.05).Results:There were significant differences in the urinary fluoride output between phases I and II. The use of Duofluorid XII did not significantly increase the urinary fluoride output, when compared to baseline levels. The application of Duraphat caused a transitory increase in the urinary fluoride output, returning to baseline levels 48 h after its use.Conclusions:The tested varnish formulation, which has been shown to be effective in in vitro studies, also can be considered safe.

Mechanism of Action of TiF₄ on Dental Enamel Surface: SEM/EDX, KOH-Soluble F, and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis

“…Varnish has some advantages compared to mouthrinse or gel, due to its adherence to the tooth surface, allowing a longer contact time between fluoride and enamel [Seppä, 2004;Olympio et al, 2009;Divaris et al, 2013;Marinho et al, 2013]. In addition, the incorporation of TiF 4 into a varnish could minimise potential deleterious effects of its low pH on mucosa, once the varnish is applied directly on the tooth surface.…”

In vitro Remineralizing Effect of Fluoride Varnishes Containing Sodium Trimetaphosphate

“…The simplicity of the technique, its good acceptance by patients, the possibility of longer contact with the demineralized enamel, and the lower index of acute intoxication in relation to the other vehicles justifies its indication for young patients [Marinho et al, 2002;Pessan et al, 2011]. Studies indicate that fluoride varnishes can reverse or arrest carious lesions, as well as prevent the demineralization process of an incipient carious lesion, when combined with other preventive measures such as diet control and dental biofilm control [Weintraub et al, 2006;Olympio et al, 2009].…”

Urinary fluoride excretion after application of fluoride varnish and use of fluoride toothpaste in young children

“…Such corresponding information is not available for children under 4 years of age. Furthermore, the release of fluoride may vary between different varnish compositions and each of them needs to be investigated from safety aspects. The aim of this study was to assess urinary excretion of fluoride after application of two different sodium fluoride varnishes containing 2.26% fluoride in 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children and to compare the levels with and without parallel use of fluoride toothpaste.…”