Fluoride concentration in water at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station of Bauru, SP

Lodi, Carolina Simonetti; Ramires, Irene; Buzalaf, Marília Afonso Rabelo; Bastos, José Roberto de Magalhães

doi:10.1590/s1678-77572006000500012

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…As can be seen in Tables 1 and 2 , there was considerable improvement in the quality of fluoridation of the public water supply in the city of Bauru during the period of the study when compared to results from previous studies 5 , 17 , 31 . In 1997, there was a variation of between 0.05 and 1.40 mg F/L in the 330 samples of public water analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…External control over the fluoridation of the public water supply was implemented in Bauru due to fluctuations in public water fluoride levels that were revealed in previous studies 5 , 17 , 31 . In Bauru, the Water and Sewage Department is a municipal organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a very wide range was observed (between 0.01 and 9.35 mg F/L) 5 . In 2006, it was reported that the fluoride concentrations of the water samples varied between were classified as acceptable during the period between October/2002 and March/2003 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bauru, state of São Paulo, fluoridation of the public water supply was implemented in 1975. Since then, reports have shown inconsistencies in the fluoridation levels 5 , 17 , 31 . In an attempt to improve this situation, external control over the fluoridation of the public water supply was implemented in the municipality in 2004 by Bauru School of Dentistry (University of São Paulo).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seven years of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2013

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Fluoridation of the public water supplies is recognized as among the top ten public health achievements of the twentieth century. However, the positive aspects of this measure depend on the maintenance of fluoride concentrations within adequate levels.Objective:To report the results of seven years of external control of the fluoride (F) concentrations in the public water supply in Bauru, SP, Brazil in an attempt to verify, on the basis of risk/benefit balance, whether the levels are appropriate.Material and Methods:From March 2004 to February 2011, 60 samples were collected every month from the 19 supply sectors of the city, totaling 4,641 samples. F concentrations in water samples were determined in duplicate, using an ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer after buffering with TISAB II. After the analysis, the samples were classified according to the best risk-benefit adjustment.Results:Means (±standard deviation) of F concentrations ranged between 0.73±0.06 and 0.81±0.10 mg/L for the different sectors during the seven years. The individual values ranged between 0.03 and 2.63 mg/L. The percentages of the samples considered "low risk" for dental fluorosis development and of "maximum benefit" for dental caries prevention (0.55-0.84 mg F/L) in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh years of the study were 82.0, 58.5, 37.4, 61.0, 89.9, 77.3, and 72.4%, respectively, and 69.0% for the entire period.Conclusions:Fluctuations of F levels were found in the public water supply in Bauru during the seven years of evaluation. These results suggest that external monitoring of water fluoridation by an independent assessor should be implemented in cities where there is adjusted fluoridation. This measure should be continued in order to verify that fluoride levels are suitable and, if not, to provide support for the appropriate adjustments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seven years of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2013

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“…Entre elas: as normas do Laboratório de Vigilância do Flúor da UNIVALI, que foram utilizadas em Chapecó e também em outros estudos 23,26 ; a Portaria nº. 518 30 , que estabelece um ponto de coleta para cada 10 mil habitantes 18 ; e a distribuição por região administrativa e geográfica 12,15,16,17,27 . Ressalta-se que para o cálculo de tamanho de amostra deve-se avaliar a variabilidade do fenômeno, considerando a interferência de fatores como o número de estações de tratamento e a densidade populacional, não apenas o porte populacional.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Dez anos de heterocontrole da fluoretação de águas em Chapecó, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Panizzi

Peres

2008

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Long‐term variability in artificially and naturally fluoridated water supplies in England

Moore

Goodwin

Pretty

2019

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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ObjectivesTo understand the potential impact of exposure misclassification on water fluoridation studies in England, this paper aims to describe the long‐term variation in water fluoride concentrations in both artificially and naturally fluoridated water supplies.MethodsWater fluoridation dose monitoring data were requested from all five English public water suppliers who artificially fluoridate their water, as well as from one water company that supplies naturally fluoridated water. Descriptive statistics were calculated, including annual means, standard deviations, minimum‐maximum and absolute and relative frequencies.ResultsData were made available by two of the five English water companies who supply artificially fluoridated water and one water company that supplies naturally fluoridated water (40 398 individual samples). The data for fluoridated water spanned 18‐35 years, whilst the data on naturally fluoridated water spanned 14 years. The artificially fluoridated samples showed wide variation in fluoride dose control, both between different water treatment works and over time. Mean fluoride concentrations in the artificially fluoridated supplies ranged from 0.53 (SD 0.47) to 0.93 (SD 0.22) mg F/L and were within the optimal range of 0.7‐1.0 mg F/L in 27.7%‐77.8% of samples. The naturally fluoridated supplies had a higher mean fluoride concentration of 1.06 (SD 0.18) and 1.15 (SD 0.16) mg F/L than the artificially fluoridated supplies, with lower variation over time. The naturally fluoridated supplies were above the optimal range in 75.5% and 53% of samples.ConclusionsAssumptions that populations living in areas with a water fluoridation scheme have received optimally fluoridated water (0.7‐1.0 mg F/L) are invalid. To support future research endeavours, as well as to provide ‘external control’ and facilitation of optimal dosing, it is recommended that a quarterly record of water fluoride concentrations (mean, standard deviation and minimum and maximum) are made available for every water supply in England, in a format that can be mapped against residential postcodes.

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Fluoride concentration in water at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station of Bauru, SP

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Seven years of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

Seven years of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

Dez anos de heterocontrole da fluoretação de águas em Chapecó, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Long‐term variability in artificially and naturally fluoridated water supplies in England

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