Are commonly used psychoactive medications associated with lower urinary tract symptoms?

Abstract

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of metastatic (M1) prostate cancer (PC) at presentation in different age groups, to examine the association of age with PC-specific mortality, and to calculate the relative contribution of different age groups to the pool of M1 cases and PC deaths. Methods: Records from 464,918 patients who were diagnosed with PC from 1998 to 2007 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patients were categorized according to age into groups ages < 50 years, 50 to 54 years, 55 to 59 years, 60 to 64 years, 65 to 69 years, 70 to 74 years, 75 to 79 years, 80 to 84 years, 85 to 89 years, and ≥ 90 years. The cumulative incidence of death from PC was computed using the Gray method. Results: The frequency of M1 PC at presentation was 3% for the group aged < 75 years, 5% for the group ages 75 to 79 years, 8% for the group ages 80 to 84 years, 13% for the group ages 85 to 89 years, and 17% for the group aged ≥ 90 years. The 5-year cumulative incidence of death from PC was 3% to 4% for all patients with PC in any category aged < 75 years, 7% for patients ages 75 to 79 years, 13% for patients ages 80 to 84 years, 20% for patients ages 85 to 89 years, and 30% for patients aged ≥ 90 years. Although patients aged ≥ 75 years at PC diagnosis represented just over a quarter (26%) of all PC cases, they contributed almost half (48%) of all M1 cases and more than half (53%) of all PC deaths. Conclusions: Compared with younger patients (aged < 75 years), older patients were more likely to present with very advanced disease, had a greater risk of death from PC despite higher death rates from competing causes, and contributed more than half of all PC deaths. Awareness of this issue may improve future outcomes for elderly patients with PC.

Medication use and association with urinary incontinence in women: Data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the HUNT study

“…For some medication groups, evidence is relatively strong, whereas for others associations are weak or even equivocal and disputed. Drug classes that have been associated with UI include psychoactive drugs such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and hypnotics in addition to antihypertensive drugs and antiepileptics . The effects of estrogens on UI are controversial and not fully clarified.…”

The role of prescription drugs in female overactive bladder syndrome—A population‐wide cohort study

“…ATC is a World Health Organization (WHO) controlled pharmacologic coding system, which lists all active ingredients of drugs according to the organ system which they act on . The inclusion of a chemical substance into the list was based on a review of the scientific literature and a cross‐check with Clinical Pharmacology, an online pharmacologic database . We defined these substances as “TM.” The substances that were tested for their role as TM are shown in their respective drug class according to ATC in Table .…”

“…The daily use of oral estrogens is considered to worsen urinary incontinence; however, its pathophysiology remains unknown . Antidepressants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines drugs, which impact on the central nervous system, have also been shown to trigger the development of OAB . Their effects might result from relaxing the pelvic floor muscles, interference with afferent nerve pathways from the bladder, or from indirectly leading to an inability to toilet.…”

The Problem of Polypharmacy in Female Patients with Overactive Bladders – Cross-Sectional Study in a Specialist Outpatient Department

“…Anaesthetics lead to constipation and thus to incontinence [22,23]. It is assumed that atypical neuroleptics, by way of an elevated cholinergic stimulation of the detrusor, can lead to a higher micturition frequency and stronger urge to urinate [24,25]. Anticholinergic drugs, antihistamines and tricyclic antidepressants as well as beta-receptor agonists, anticholinergic drugs for Parkinsonʼs disease and levodopa can trigger overflow incontinence though urine retention [18,26,27].…”