Cigarette smoking impairs sperm bioenergetics

Abstract

Objective: The growing consensus on the negative impact of cigarette smoking on fertility prompted us to compare the rate of sperm respiration in smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: Semen samples from 20 smokers and 58 non-smokers consulting at the andrology laboratory for fertility evaluation were used. Smoking was defined as consumption of at least a half a pack per day. A phosphorescence analyzer that measures O 2 concentration in sperm suspensions as function of time was used to determine the rate of respiration. In a sealed vial, the rate of sperm respiration (k) was defined as - Conclusions:The rate of sperm respiration was significantly lower in smokers. This negative impact of cigarette smoking on sperm aerobic metabolism may, in part, explain the lower rate of fertility in smokers.

Evaluation of Airway resistance and Spirometry in Petrol Pump Workers: A Crossectional study

“…Similar effects of automobile exhausts on the FVC and FEV 1 have been reported in tunnel and bridge workers & traffic police. [3][4][5][6] FEF is considered a fairly good test to identify early small airway disease. [7][8][9] The findings of the present study indicate that small airways probably bear the brunt of the air pollution & fuel vapour related lung injury.…”

“…This finding is in agreement with most studies on pollution inflicted changes in lung functions. [5,10,11] In combination with particulate pollutants, SO 2 and NO 2 have a greater chance to reach the deeper parts of the lungs. The gaseous pollutants may also alter the properties and concentration of surfactant and may thus contribute to the early closure of small airways.…”

The Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on the Testicular Functions of 7-10 Years Old Children

“…12 Similarly, Chohan et al found that there are no differences between smokers and non-smokers for ejaculate volume, motility, concentration and sperm morphology. 18 However, in an another study it is reported that smokers had significantly less spermatozoa. 19 In a study, Yardımcı et al reported that exposure to cigarette smoke decreases the testosterone level and Leydig cell number in rats.…”

“…In literature, there are several cross-sectional studies about the effects of active or passive smoking on semen quality or testicular hormone levels, but most of which have included adolescent or adult patients or have been done in rats. 12,14,17,18 Some studies have shown a negative effect of smoking on semen quality in terms of the conventional semen characteristics whereas others could not demonstrate such an effect. 12,17 Furthermore, it has not been clarified whether smoking has an impact on levels of male reproductive hormones.…”

Nicotine Effects and Receptor Expression on Human Spermatozoa: Possible Neuroendocrine Mechanism

“…In humans, it has been shown that cigarette smoke is able to alter sperm density, motility, morphology and seminal fluid leukocyte concentration. Effects of the cigarette smoke on sperm DNA integrity, aneuploidy rate, production of free oxygen radicals (ROS) have been evaluated, but the results of these studies appear conflicting: some have shown a negative effect (Stillman et al, 1986; Close et al, 1990; Pacifici et al, 1993; Sofikitis et al, 1995; Vine et al, 1996; Curtis et al, 1997; Rubes et al, 1998; Zhang et al, 2000; Saleh et al, 2002; Kunzle et al, 2003; Said et al, 2005; Sepaniak et al, 2006; Gaur et al, 2007; Reina Bouvet et al, 2007; Calogero et al, 2009; Chohan and Badawy, 2010; El-Melegy and Ali, 2011), while others reported no effect (Vogt et al, 1986; Dikshit et al, 1987; Oldereid et al, 1989; Lewin et al, 1991; Belcheva et al, 2004). …”