Re: testicular histopathological diagnosis as a predictive factor for retrieving spermatozoa for icsi in non-obstructive azoospermic patients

Factors related to infertility in Brazil and their relationship with success rates after assisted reproduction treatment: an integrative review

“…Seminal alterations, such as azoospermia (Pasqualotto et al, 2003;Glina et al, 2005;Esteves & Glina, 2005;Pasqualotto et al, 2005;Semião-Francisco et al, 2010;Taitson et al, 2012), oligozoospermia (Borges et al, 2016), asthenozoospermia (Borges et al, 2016) and teratozoospermia (Borges et al, 2016) were the most frequently cited infertility conditions in this review, and refer to abnormalities in sperm number, motility and morphology. Azoospermic men do not have sperm in their ejaculate, while in oligozoospermia there is a reduction in the amount of sperm present in the ejaculated fluid.…”

“…Through the categorized analysis of the 27 articles that composed the final sample, we found that all were published between 2003 and 2019. Of these, 4 were cross-sectional studies Esteves & Glina, 2005;Cota et al, 2012;Souza et al, 2017), 12 were cohort studies (Pinheiro et al, 2003;Borges et al, 2003;Glina et al, 2005;Pasqualotto et al, 2005;Romão et al, 2010;Semião-Francisco et al, 2010;Cota et al, 2012;Borges et al, 2013;Coelho Neto et al, 2015;Maia-Filho et al, 2015;Scheffer et al, 2017;Bercaire et al, 2018); 6 were case-control studies (Setti et al, 2011;Pasqualotto et al, 2012;Cavagna et al, 2012;Picinato et al, 2014;Donabela et al, 2015;Costa et al, 2016); 3 were case reports (Valle et al, 2012;Taitson et al, 2012;Borges et al, 2016) and 2 were randomized controlled trials (Geber & Sampaio, 2013;Nastri et al, 2013).…”

“…In 15.21% of the articles included in this review, endometriosis is cited as the main condition causing female infertility (Cota et al, 2012;Nastri et al, 2013;Maia-Filho et al, 2015;Picinato et al, 2014;Donabela et al, 2015;Coelho Neto et al, 2015;2016); and in 13.04% azoospermia is the male infertility condition (Pasqualotto et al, 2003;Glina et al, 2005;Esteves & Glina, 2005;Pasqualotto et al, 2005;Semião-Francisco et al, 2010;Taitson et al, 2012). Figure 2 shows the other infertility conditions presented by the patients.…”

“…Regarding the assisted reproduction techniques, 7 studies (25.92%) mentioned that patients were submitted to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) (Cota et al, 2012;Geber & Sampaio, 2013;Coelho Neto et al, 2015;2016;Costa et al, 2016;Souza et al, 2017;Bercaire et al, 2018); 18 studies (66.66%) cited ICSI exclusively (Pinheiro et al, 2003;Borges et al, 2003;Pasqualotto et al, 2003;Glina et al, 2005;Esteves & Glina, 2005;Pasqualotto et al, 2005;Romão et al, 2010;Semião-Francisco et al, 2010;Setti et al, 2011;Pasqualotto, et al, 2012;Valle et al, 2012;Taitson et al, 2012;Nastri et al, 2013;Picinato et al, 2014;Maia-Filho et al, 2015;Donabela et al, 2015;Borges et al, 2016;Scheffer et al, 2017); and 2 studies (7.40%) cited the Intracytoplasmic Injection of Morphologically Selected Sperm (IMSI) (Cavagna et al, 2012;Borges et al, 2013). IVF was used mainly in cases associated with female infertility, such as endometriosis, poor ovarian response, polycystic ovary syndrome and advanced age.…”

“…Among the AR technologies used in the country, ICSI is usually the main technique of choice, since it enables to solve the problems of infertility in most cases in which sperm quantity or motility is significantly reduced (Pasqualotto et al, 2003;Glina et al, 2005;Esteves & Glina, 2005;Pasqualotto et al, 2005;Semião-Francisco et al, 2010;Taitson et al, 2012). The greatest advantage compared to other techniques is that fertilization is less affected by concentration, motility and/or sperm morphology, and its disadvantage is the high cost of the procedure.…”