Study on the incidence of testicular and epididymal appendages in patients with cryptorchidism

Abstract

Objective: To study the incidence of testicular and epididymal appendages in patients with cryptorchidism.Materials and Methods: We studied 65 patients with cryptorchidism, totalizing 83 testes and 40 patients who had prostate adenocarcinoma and hydrocele (control group), totalizing 55 testes. The following situations were analyzed: I) absence of testicular and epididymal appendages, II) presence of testicular appendage only, III) presence of epididymal appendage, IV) presence of testicular and epididymal appendage, V) presence of 2 epididymal appendages and 1 testicular appendage and VI) presence of paradidymis or vas aberrans of Haller.Results: In patients with cryptorchidism we found testicular appendages in 23 cases (41.8%), epididymal appendages in 9 (16.3%), testicular and epididymal appendage in 8 (14.5%), 2 epididymal appendages and 1 testicular in 1 (1.8%) and absence of appendages in 14 (25.4%). In the control group, we found testicular appendages in 29 (34.9%), epididymal appendages in 19 (22.8%), testicular and epididymal appendage in 7 (8.4%), and absence of appendages in 28 (33.7%), we did not find 2 epididymal appendages in this group, and none of the patients in the 2 groups presented paradidymis or vas aberrans of Haller.Conclusion: The occurrence of testicular and epididymal appendages is quite variable. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence and distribution of the testicular and epididymal appendages between patients with cryptorchidism and those from the control group.

Structural analysis of testicular appendices in patients with cryptorchidism

“…Cryptorchidism is one of the most common congenital anomalies among males, with a rate between 2 and 5% of full-term births, a rate that can reach 30% in premature babies (16)(17)(18). There are few studies in the literature on the incidence and analysis of the structure of testicular appendices in patients with cryptorchidism and their relation with epididymal anomalies and patency of the vaginal process (11).…”

“…Studies of the incidence of these structures in patients with cryptorchidism and comparison with individuals without testicular position anomalies are rare in the literature (11). There are no published studies analyzing the structure of testicular appendices in patients with cryptorchidism.…”

Decreased Incidence of Appendix Testis in Cryptorchidism with Intraoperative Survey

“…Reviewing the English language literature, only one study was based on the presence of appendix testis in cryptorchidism [7] . However, Favorito et al found a higher incidence of hydatid of Morgagni in patients with undescended testis than with descended testis.…”

“…The results of these studies have been based on ultrasonographic examination of the scrotum or post-mortem identification of descended testes. However, there was only one publication which analyzed the incidence of testicular appendages in cryptorchidism [7] . In this study, Favorito et al found the presence of appendix testis surprisingly only in 43% of patients having descended testis and more than 55% of those with undescended testis, but they did not examine the correlation between the age of the operated patients and the incidence of appendix testis.…”

Sonography of the Scrotum

“…Scrotal appendages, which were originally considered to represent anatomic anomalies, are occasionally found on scrotal sonography 1 . While the male genitourinary system develops during embryonic life, 5 types of scrotal appendages are formed (Figure 1).…”