Antilithiatic Activity of phlorotannin rich extract of <italic>Sarghassum Wightii</italic> on Calcium Oxalate Urolithiais – <italic>In Vitro</italic> and <italic>In Vivo</italic>Evaluation

Abstract

Purpose:Urolithiasis is a common urological disorder responsible for serious human affliction and cost to the society with a high recurrence rate. The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the phlorotannin rich extract of Sargassum wightii using suitable in vitro and in vivo models to provide scientific evidence for its antilithiatic activity.Materials and Methods:To explore the effect of Sargassum wightii on calcium oxalate crystallization, in vitro assays like crystal nucleation, aggregation and crystal growth were performed. Calcium oxalate urolithiasis was induced in male Sprague dawley rats using a combination of gentamicin and calculi producing diet (5% ammonium oxalate and rat pellet feed). The biochemical parameters like calcium, oxalate, magnesium, phosphate, sodium and potassium were evaluated in urine, serum and kidney homogenates. Histopathological studies were also done to confirm the biochemical findings.Results:The yield of Sargassum wightii extract was found to be 74.5 gm/kg and confirmed by quantitative analysis. In vitro experiments with Sargassum wightii showed concentration dependent inhibition of calcium oxalate nucleation, aggregation and growth supported by SEM analysis. In the in vivo model, Sargassum wightii reduced both calcium and oxalate supersaturation in urine, serum and deposition in the kidney. The biochemical results were supported by histopathological studies.Conclusion:The findings of the present study suggest that Sargassum wightii has the ability to prevent nucleation, aggregation and growth of calcium oxalate crystals. Sargassum wightii has better preventive effect on calcium oxalate stone formation indicating its strong potential to develop as a therapeutic option to prevent recurrence of urolithiasis.

Antiurolithiatic Activity of Daucus carota: An In vitro Study

“…One possible mechanism of anticrystallization activity of DCRE could be its ability to complex with free calcium and oxalate ions, thus preventing the formation of CaOx complexes, as has also been suggested for Sarghassum wightti. 15 CaOx polymorphism is a common phenomenon and of utmost significance in urolithiasis. COM and COD crystals are commonly found in CaOx uroliths.…”

Exploring bioactive fraction of Sargassum wightii: In vitro elucidation of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential

“…SWE was less explored for its medicinal properties; only few studies have explained the biological activity of the crude extract prepared from S. wightii. [14][15][16] In the present study, S. wightii was fractionated using various solvents in Soxhlet extractor. Further, the solvent fraction was subjected to silica gel chromatography to partially purify and identify the solvent fraction rich in bioactive compounds with both ACE inhibition and antioxidant activity.…”

<b><i>In vitro</i> evaluation of antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts obtained from seaweeds endemic to the coast of Ceará, Brazil

“…Antitumor, anticoagulant, antiinflammatory, antilithiatic, and/or antiviral activities have been registered in algal extracts of U. fasciata (Shao et al, 2014), Sargassum spp. (Dore et al, 2013;Sujatha et al, 2015) and Cryptonemia seminervis (Mendes et al, 2014).…”

“…The biotechnological importance of the algal species Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C. Agardh (Caulerpaceae), Ulva fasciata Delile (Ulvaceae) (Chlorophyta), Amansia multifida J. V. Lamouroux (Rhodomelaceae), Cryptonemia crenulata (Rhodophyta), Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J. V Lamouroux (Dictyotaceae) and Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh (Sargassaceae) (Ochrophyta) has been recognized (Rodrigues et al, 2011;Rodrigues et al, 2012;Dore et al, 2013;Mendes et al, 2014;Rivanor et al, 2014;Shao, Pei, Fang, & Sun, 2014;Sujatha, Singh, Vohra, Kumar, & Sunitha, 2015). In this study, the antioxidant potential of these species was evaluated on the basis of total phenolic content (TPC) and the measurement of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelating activity (FIC).…”