Bilateral Duplex collecting system in Horse shoe kidney: An unusual association

Horseshoe Kidney with Bilateral Duplex Ureters

“…Lower pole fusion occurs in 90% of cases. [1] fused lower part which connects the both kidneys is known as isthmus of kidney which lies in front of abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The ascent of horseshoe kidney is arrested by root of inferior mesenteric artery.…”

“…Only few cases of horseshoe kidney with duplex pelvicalyceal system and ureters has been reported to the best of our knowledge. Sharma PK et al, [1] Christoffersen J et al, [9] Afzal U et al, [10] have observed bilateral duplex collecting system in horseshoe kidney. Ongeti K W et al [2], Keskin S et al, [3] and Singh SK et al, [11] observed bilateral partial ureteral duplication in horse shoe kidney whereas Tyagi V et al, [4] Mirzazadeh M et al, [7] Segura J W et al, [12] and Sumner T E et al, [13] reported complete unilateral duplication in horseshoe kidney.…”

“…Vesicoureteral reflux predisposes the horseshoe kidney to recurrent infection. [1] Certain renal tumors are also frequent in horseshoe kidney. [15] Intravenous pyelography is the first line of investigation to diagnose horseshoe kidney and duplex ureters.…”

“…In doubtful cases CT scan can be performed. [1] Clinical problems of horseshoe kidney can be managed by standard urologic procedures. [16] Knowledge of anatomy of horseshoe kidney, its association with bilateral partial or complete duplex ureters assures good postoperative outcomes during transplant or other surgical procedures of kidney in patients with horseshoe kidney.…”

“…Horseshoe kidney is the most common type of renal fusion anomaly. [1] Horseshoe kidney occurs in 1 per 400 people. It is more common in males.…”