Ameliorative effect of exogenous nitric oxide on oxidative metabolism in NaCl treated chickpea plants

Abstract

Accumulation of salts in irrigated soils is one of the primary factors limiting yield in South Asia. We investigated whether exogenous nitric oxide (NO) supplementation as sodium nitroprusside has any ameliorating effect against NaCl induced oxidative damage in chickpea leaves. NaCl treatment (250 mM) alone and in combination with two concentrations of SNP (0.2 and 1 mM) were given to 50 days old chickpea plants for 2, 4 and 6 days. Salt stress adversely affected the relative membrane injury, lipid peroxidation levels, relative water content (RWC) and H 2 O 2 content. The effect was time dependent. SNP treatments could ameliorate the toxic effect of short term salt stress of 2 days on relative membrane injury and partial amelioration was observed with 4 and 6 day stress treatment. A partial ameliorative effect of SNP was observed with lipid peroxidation levels, H 2 O 2 content and RWC. Salt stress activated the antioxidant system by increasing the activities of SOD, POX, APX and DHAR. However no obvious change was observed in GR activity and CAT activity decreased under salt stress. Both the SNP treatments had a positive effect on antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, APX, GR and DHAR under salt stress. NaCl treatment resulted in a decline in the GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA ratio. SNP treatments increased the reduced form of both the metabolites thus elevating the ratio of GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA. This study concludes that exogenous application of NO protects chickpea leaves from NaCl induced oxidative stress.

Effect of salinity and sodicity stresses on physiological response and productivity inHelianthus annuus

“…Salt stress disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis of plants, which leads to membrane dysfunction, attenuation of metabolic activity, and causes growth inhibition and ultimately leads to cell death [31]. In the present study, the deleterious effects of NaCl and Na 2 CO 3 salts on total dry matter gain in sunflower plant were clearly demonstrated and this effect is in agreement with previous investigation on sunflower [2].…”

Role of Nitric Oxide in Salt Stress-induced Programmed Cell Death and Defense Mechanisms

“…The NO donor SNP can also control the level of non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as those of ascorbate or glutathione. SNP treatments increased the reduced form of both metabolites and elevated the ratios of GSH/GSSG and ASC/DHA (Sheokand et al 2010;Hasanuzzaman et al 2011;Wu et al 2011;Lin et al 2012a). In other species such as Gossypium hirsutum, the NO donor decreased APX-and GR activity under salt stress, but CAT activity was not different from fhp.…”

“…SNP increased germination, and root-and shoot growth under salinity stress as compared to the NaCl-treated controls in various plant species. Osmotic stress tolerance induced by the application of an NO donor is associated with an enhanced RWC in several species under high salinity (Sheokand et al 2010;Zeng et al 2011;Khan et al 2012).…”

“…SNP decreased the salt stress-induced harmful lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content or the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in Atriplex centralasiatica (Xu et al 2011a), Brassica juncea (Zeng et al 2011;Khan et al 2012), Brassica rapa (Lopez-Carrion et al 2008), Cicer arietinum (Sheokand et al 2008(Sheokand et al , 2010, Cucumis sativus (Shi et al 2007;Lin et al 2012a, b), Glycine max (Simaei et al 2011), Hordeum vulgare (Li et al 2008), Kosteletzkya virginica (Guo et al 2009), Solarium lycopersicum (Wu et al 2011), and Triticum aestivum (Ruan et al 2002;Zheng et al 2009;Hasanuzzaman et al 2011;Xu et al 2011b).…”

“…SNP promoted SOD-, POD-, and APX activities in Brassica juncea (Zeng et al 2011;Khan et al 2012), Populus euphratica (Sun et al 2010), and Cicer arietinum. plants (Sheokand et al 2010). In contrast, higher activities of POX, APX, and GR were observed in the NO-deficient Atnoal plants, and these mutants also showed lower activities of SOD and CAT than wild-type plants under NaCl stress (Zhang et al 2010).…”