The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates on the development and oleoresin production of micropropagated Zingiber officinale

Abstract

We have investigated the effects of phosphate fertilization and inoculation with isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Scutellospora heterogama SCT120E, Gigaspora decipiens SCT304A, Acaulospora koskei SCT400A, Entrophospora colombiana SCT115, and an assemblage (Mix) of all four isolates on growth, development and oleoresin production of micropropagated Zingiber officinale. After 120 and 210 d of growth, the Mix and phosphorus addition significantly increased shoot height relative to control plants. Phosphorus addition was the only treatment resulting in significantly large shoot dry biomass relative to control after 120 d. No statistical differences were observed between treatments for shoot dry biomass after 210 d and for fine and coarse root biomass at both harvests. Inoculation with S. herogama and G. decipiens resulted in larger yields of oleoresin, corresponding to 3.48% and 1.58% of rhizome fresh biomass respectively. Based on retention index and mass spectrometry, we have characterized the following constituents present in ginger rhizomes: ar-curcumene, zingiberene, γ-cadinene, bisabolene, δ- or α-cadinene and farnesol. Two other constituents were characterized as possible members of the gingerol class. Results suggest that the screening and inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ginger plants is a feasible procedure to increase the oleoresin production of Z. officinale and consequently increase the aggregate value of ginger rhizome production.

Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, nutrient uptake and curcumin production of turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa </i>L.)

“…The increase in availability of P through mycorrhizal association would probably underlie the increase of curcumin. Similarly, Silva et al [30] in their work on ginger inoculated AMF found oil concentration was modulated according to AMF. At the moment we are unable to propose a mechanism explaining how AMF influence turmeric curcumin production.…”

Mycorrhizal technology and phosphorus in the production of primary and secondary metabolites in cebil (Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan) seedlings

“…The effects of both mycorrhizal inoculation and P supply on the production of other bioactive compounds such as essential oils, artemisinin, phenolic compounds and resin oil have been documented. In the present experiment the benefit varied according to the inoculation treatment.…”

“…Research has proven the efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi in maximising the production of primary and secondary metabolites in various plants, but it is not clear whether this increase is a direct effect of the fungi or whether it is the result of a major input of phosphorus (P). In some cases, inoculation has been more efficient in favouring the production of these compounds compared with the addition of P .…”

Enhancement of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal status of an established ginger crop through a mycorrhizal onion companion crop

“…Even when micropropagated materials are used, the growth response of ginger to AM fungal colonization has been reported to vary. da Silva et al (2008) noted that inoculation of micropropagated ginger stimulated oil production in ginger without significantly increasing rhizome yield. On the other hand, dos Santos et al (2010) evaluated the effect of P fertilization and AMF inoculation of soil on micropropagated ginger and noted significant mycorrhizal inoculation effect.…”

“…They found that the effect of AM fungal inoculation on growth was comparable to fertilizing the test soil with 25 mg of . It is evident from the results of da Silva et al (2008) that lack of growth response to AM fungal inoculation does not necessarily mean the absence of benefit. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can have measurable effects on plant and soil health without necessarily enhancing plant yield (see Habte 2006).…”