Development of the nodulated soybean plant after flooding of the root system with different sources of nitrogen

Thomas, Andre Luis; Sodek, Ladaslav

doi:10.1590/s1677-04202005000300003

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, it has been observed that the presence of nitrate in the flooding medium enhances tolerance (Malavolta, 1954;Trought and Drew, 1981;Prioul and Guyot, 1985;Bacanamwo and Purcell, 1999a,b;kaiser and Huber, 2001;Magalhães et al, 2002) although the mechanism involved is not understood (see Sousa and Sodek, 2002a). In a previous study (Thomas and Sodek 2005), it was shown that tolerance of soybean to flooding was enhanced by NO 3 -but not by other N sources. Little is known of the uptake and metabolism of nitrate under O 2 deficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate uptake and metabolism by roots of soybean plants under oxygen deficiency.

Brandão

Sodek

2009

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Nitrate is reported to improve tolerance of plants towards oxygen deficiency imposed by waterlogging of the root system, but little is known of the mechanism underlying the phenomenon. We studied the metabolism of nitrate in roots under hypoxia, using soybean plants growing in a hydroponic system after suspending aeration and covering the surface of the nutrient solution with mineral oil. Nitrate depletion from the medium was greater under hypoxia than normoxia, but in the presence of chloramphenicol, consumption under hypoxia was significantly reduced. Nitrite accumulated in the medium under hypoxia and this was partially eliminated by chloramphenicol. Nitrate consumption sensitive to chloramphenicol was attributed to bacterial activity. Endogenous root nitrate was strongly reduced under hypoxia indicating mobilization. Although the transport of nitrate to the shoot via the xylem was also reduced under hypoxia, the severity of this reduction was dependent on the concentration of nitrate in the medium, suggesting that at least some of the nitrate in the xylem came from the medium. Root nitrate reductase was also strongly reduced under hypoxia, but recovered rapidly on return to normoxia. Overall, the data are consistent with two main metabolic fates for chloramphenicolinsensitive nitrate depletion under hypoxia: the reduction of some nitrate to nitrite (despite the reduced nitrate reductase activity) followed by its release to the medium (at least one-third of the nitrate consumed followed this route), and the transport of nitrate to the shoot. Nevertheless, it is highly unlikely that these metabolic routes account for all the nitrate consumed.Key words: Glycine max, hypoxia, nitrate reductase, nitrite, waterlogging. absorção e metabolismo do nitrato em raízes de soja sob deficiência de oxigênio. É conhecido que o nitrato melhora a tolerância de plantas à deficiência de oxigênio provocada pela inundação do sistema radicular. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre as causas deste fenômeno. Realizamos um estudo do metabolismo do nitrato em raízes de soja sob hipóxia, empregando plantas cultivadas em sistema hidropônico, após suspender a aeração e cobrir a superfície da solução nutritiva com óleo mineral. O consumo de nitrato no meio foi maior sob hipóxia do que normóxia. Porém, na presença de cloranfenicol o consumo em hipóxia foi reduzido de forma significativa. Houve acúmulo do nitrito no meio sob hipóxia e este acúmulo foi parcialmente eliminado por cloranfenicol. A redução do consumo de nitrato na presença de cloranfenicol foi atribuída à atividade bacteriana. O nitrato endógeno da raiz foi bastante reduzido sob hipóxia, indicando mobilização do mesmo. Apesar do transporte do nitrato até a parte aérea, via xilema, ter sido também reduzido sob hipóxia, a intensidade dessa redução foi dependente da concentração de nitrato no meio, o que indica que pelo menos uma porção do nitrato encontrado no xilema teve origem no meio. A atividade da redutase do nitrato da raiz também foi fortemente reduzida sob hipóxia, porém rec...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate uptake and metabolism by roots of soybean plants under oxygen deficiency.

Brandão

Sodek

2009

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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“…Various studies have found that excessive soil water limits water and N plant uptake and dry matter allocation to leaves (Sallam and Scott, 1987;Oosterhuis et al, 1990;Scott et al, 1990;Bacanamwo and Purcell, 1999a;Rhine et al, 2010) as well as root growth (Ebrahimi-Mollabashi et al, 2019), leaf size (Bacanamwo and Purcell, 1999b), and N fixation (Thomas and Sodek, 2005;Santachiara et al, 2019). Not all of these processes, however, are currently captured in APSIM.…”

Section: New Algorithm Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Flood-Induced Stress in Soybeans

et al. 2020

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Despite the detrimental impact that excess moisture can have on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) yields, most of today's crop models do not capture soybean's dynamic responses to waterlogged conditions. In light of this, we synthesized literature data and used the APSIM software to enhance the modeling capacity to simulate plant growth, development, and N fixation response to flooding. Literature data included greenhouse and field experiments from across the U.S. that investigated the impact of flood timing and duration on soybean. Five datasets were used for model parameterization of new functions and three datasets were used for testing. Improvements in prediction accuracy were quantified by comparing model performance before and after the implementation of new stage-dependent excess water functions for phenology, photosynthesis and N-fixation. The relative root mean square error (RRMSE) for yield predictions improved by 26% and the RRMSE predictions of biomass improved by 40%. Extensive model testing found that the improved model accurately simulates plant responses to flooding including how these responses change with flood timing and duration. When used to project soybean response to future climate scenarios, the model showed that intense rain events had a greater negative effect on yield than a 25% increase in rainfall distributed over 1 or 3 month(s). These developments advance our ability to understand, predict and, thereby, mitigate yield loss as increases in climatic volatility lead to more frequent and intense flooding events in the future.

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“…Waterlogging causes a decrease in photosynthesis and leaf expansion, little gas exchange, and results in a low growth rate as well as productivity (Morgan et al 2004). Other effects of waterlogging stress are the small number of plants' leaves and the yellowing of leaves (Thomas and Sodek 2005). At the molecular level, stress causes excessive fermentation, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production which leads plants to death, increasing levels of plant glycolysis, and rooting system changes (Hashiguchi et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variation induction of Glycine max through low dose gamma irradiation produces genetic and physiological alteration as source of tolerant variants in waterlogging conditions

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Saputro TB, Muslihatin W, Wahyuni DK, Nurhidayati T, Wardhani FO, Rosalia E. 2019. Variation induction of Glycine max through low dose gamma irradiation produces genetic and physiological alteration as source of tolerant variants in waterlogging conditions. Biodiversitas 20: 3299-3308. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the main food commodity that contains high proteins, oils, and carbohydrates. Waterlogging is considered as the dominant factor and major constraint responsible for the decrements of soybean production in Indonesia. The development of promising G.max that tolerates waterlogging is essentially needed. In this study, induction of variation was conducted by gamma rays irradiation with doses of 25Gy, 50Gy, 75Gy, and 100Gy. The mutant or variants lines were then selected under waterlogging conditions with 100%, 150%, 200%, and 250% of field capacity. The results showed that, in 250% waterlogging condition, plants irradiated with 25Gy shows the best performance in amount of roots, adventitious roots and number of pods parameters, while plants irradiated with 50Gy have the highest growth indicated by amount of root nodules, plant heights, dry weights, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents. The genotypes then were assayed by the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) to confirm that the mutants differ compared to its wild type. Out of 10 ISSR primers, seven primers showed polymorphic patterns. The best primer to differentiate the mutant lines and its wild type is primer ISSR1 [ (AC)8G] that able to generate the highest level of polymorphism with 44.0%. The comparison of protein profiles among the mutant lines showed that proteins with molecular weight 53,78 KDa; 43,12 KDa; and 20,62 Kda are all overexpressed for plants irradiated at 25Gy and treated with 250% waterlogging stress. All those three proteins are predicted as 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), Alcohol-dehydrogenase (ADH), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) respectively.

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Development of the nodulated soybean plant after flooding of the root system with different sources of nitrogen

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Nitrate uptake and metabolism by roots of soybean plants under oxygen deficiency.

Nitrate uptake and metabolism by roots of soybean plants under oxygen deficiency.

Modeling Flood-Induced Stress in Soybeans

The Variation induction of Glycine max through low dose gamma irradiation produces genetic and physiological alteration as source of tolerant variants in waterlogging conditions

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