Estado do conhecimento dos macroturbelários (Platyhelminthes) do Brasil

Abstract

FROEHLICH, E.M. 2008. State of knowledge of the macroturbellarians (Platyhelminthes) from Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 8(4): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v8n4/en/abstract?thematicreview+bn01908042008. Abstract:In the last decades, international efforts have increased, with the aim of acquiring greater knowledge on worldwide biodiversity and to propose adequate conservation policies. Brazil has joined in these efforts, as is shown by recent publications on the state of knowledge of several taxa of organisms. The macroturbellarians (Polycladida and Tricladida, Platyhelminthes) are part of one of the less studied faunal groups, not only in Brazil but also in other regions of the world. In the present study we inventoried the knowledge on the diversity of Brazilian macroturbellarians and make a comparison with that from the rest of the world. We also analyze the accomplishments of Brazilian taxonomists dealing with macroturbellarians, with regard to the world context. Our results show that almost all of the 246 described species are from the South-eastern and Southern regions. The number of species will increase significantly when new samples are undertaken in biomes and regions still little or non-sampled, as well as in already explored areas. Brazil is relatively well provided with specialists in relation to other countries. Nonetheless, in view of the high numbers of estimated diversity, new samples should concur with the academic formation of new taxonomists. Keywords: Turbellaria, Tricladida, Polycladida, biodiversity. CARBAYO, F. & FROEHLICH, E.M. 2008. Estado do conhecimento dos macroturbelários(Platyhelminthes) do Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 8(4): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v8n4/pt/abstract?thematicreview+bn01908042008.Resumo: Nas últimas décadas tem crescido o esforço internacional para conhecer a biodiversidade mundial visando a criação de políticas públicas de conservação. O Brasil vem participando deste esforço, como evidenciam as recentes publicações sobre o estado do conhecimento de vários táxons de organismos. Os macroturbelários (Polycladida e Tricladida, Platyhelminthes) fazem parte da fauna mundialmente menos estudada. Neste trabalho inventariamos por regiões a diversidade da fauna brasileira conhecida de macroturbelários e comparamos esta diversidade com a do resto do mundo. Analisamos também a atividade dos taxonomistas brasileiros do grupo no contexto mundial. Os resultados mostram que praticamente a totalidade das 246 espécies nominais descritas procede das regiões Sudeste e Sul. O número de espécies deverá aumentar significativamente quando forem feitas novas coletas, tanto em biomas e regiões ainda pouco ou nada explorados quanto nas áreas já amostradas. O Brasil está, relativamente a outros países, bem provido de especialistas. No entanto, em face da grande diversidade estimada, as amostragens deveriam ocorrer concomitantemente com a formação de novos especialistas. Palavras-chave: Turbellaria, Tricladida, Polycladida, biodiversidade.

Insights into the origin and distribution of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hot spot: a statistical phylogeographic study using a low-dispersal organism

“…We modelled the distribution of C. bergi for the current and LGM (21 kya) climatic periods using the localities sampled in this study (23 points) and the coordinates of the few localities cited in the literature (9 points) (Carbayo and Froehlich, 2008). As input data for the distribution models, we employed the same seven climatic variables as in other studies in the same region (Carnaval et al, 2009;Amaro et al, 2012); that is, annual mean temperature, temperature seasonality, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean temperature of coldest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest quarter and precipitation of driest quarter; information downloaded from the WORLD-CLIM 1.4 database (http://www.worldclim.org/) (Hijmans et al, 2005).…”

Microturbellarians (Platyhelminthes and Acoelomorpha) in Brazil: invisible organisms?

“…Freshwater and land triclads were studied mainly in the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul (Carbayo and Froehlich, 2008;Baptista et al 2010;Leal-Zanchet et al, 2011;Amaral et al, 2014). Polyclads were mainly known from the coast of the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, as well as the northeastern coast of Brazil (Carbayo and Froehlich, 2008;Bahia and Padula, 2009;Bahia et al, 2012;Bulnes and Torres, 2014).…”

“…Polyclads were mainly known from the coast of the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, as well as the northeastern coast of Brazil (Carbayo and Froehlich, 2008;Bahia and Padula, 2009;Bahia et al, 2012;Bulnes and Torres, 2014).…”

“…Considering that the macroturbellarians are the best known group among turbellarians and that their study in Brazil was summarized by Carbayo and Froehlich (2008), we will focus on Brazilian microturbellarians herein. We intend to summarize the biogeographical distribution and ecological aspects of microturbellarians recorded for Brazil, by pointing out main gaps in the knowledge about them and possible actions to enhance studies on this group.…”

Land Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) in Remnants of Deciduous Forest in the Northeast Region Of Southern Brazil

“…Thus, flatworm diversity may reflect the diversity of other invertebrates that constitute their prey. There are records of about 170 species of land flatworms in Brazil, which has the highest species richness in the Neotropical Region (Carbayo & Froehlich 2008, Amaral et al 2012. Recent inventories and studies on flatworm communities reveal the occurrence of at least 90 morphospecies of land flatworms, most of which are unknown to science, in forests of southern Brazil (Antunes et al 2008, Baptista et al 2010.…”