Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brazil

Abstract

Thirty-six morphologically different types of galls were obtained in leaves, leaflets, veins, petioles, stems, tendrils and flower buds from twenty-five species of plants in the Pé-de-Gigante Reserve, municipality of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The host plant species belong to the closely related families Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Caryocaraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Ochnaceae, Polygalaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, and Smilacaceae. The most common gall makers included Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) and Diaspididae (Sternorrhyncha-Hemiptera). This is the first report of galls found in the following plant genera: Gochnatia (Asteraceae), Distictela (Bignoniaceae), Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae), Ouratea (Ochnaceae), and Bredemeyera (Polygalaceae). The results of this work contribute to the body of knowledge about the relationship among host plants, gall makers, and the gall morphology of Pé-de-Gigante Cerrado Reserve.Keywords: Cecidomyiidae, cerrado, gall, gall maker. RESUMO Galhas e galhadores em plantas da Reserva de Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, BrasilTrinta e seis diferentes tipos morfológicos de galhas foram obtidos em folhas, foliólulos, nervuras, pecíolos, ramos e inflorescências de vinte e cinco espécies de plantas na Reserva de Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante, Município de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brasil. As plantas hospedeiras pertencem às famílias: Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae, Caryocaraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Ochnaceae, Polygalaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae e Smilacaceae. Entre as famílias dos insetos galhadores foram observados Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) e Diaspididae (Sternorrhyncha-Hemiptera). Este é o primeiro relato da presença de galhas em plantas dos seguintes gêneros: Gochnatia (Asteraceae), Distictela (Bignoniaceae), Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae), Ouratea (Ochnaceae) e Bredemeyera (Polygalaceae). Os resultados deste trabalho contribuem para o aumento do conhecimento das relações entre plantas hospedeiras e galhadores e da morfologia das galhas da Reserva de Cerrado Pé-de-Gigante.Palavras-chave: Cecidomyiidae, cerrado, galha, galhador.358 URSO-GUIMARÃES, M. V. and SCARELI-SANTOS, C.

Characterization of galls, insect galls and associated fauna of Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP)

“…This result corroborate another data reported in other major studies in the literature, those indicates 58% of galls induced by Cecidomyiidae, according to Maia et al (2008), 54% Urso- Guimarães et al (2006), and 93%, according to Fernandes & Negreiros (2006), demonstrating the importance of the family in community of gall makers.…”

“…The sampling effort was 15 hours, a low figure compared to the monthly sampling for one year made by Bregonci et al (2010), the monthly samplings for six months by Gonçalves-Alvim & Fernandes (2001), the monthly samplings for over a year of Urso-Guimarães & Scarelli- Santos (2006) and the 66 hours of samplings of Fernandes & Negreiros (2006 Neotrop.,vol. 12,no.…”

“…Among these, there is a wide prevalence of galls induced by Diptera, were recorded over a thousand morphotypes, mainly driven by species of family Cecidomyiidae (Maia et al 2008), which represent the group of predominantly insect galls in all zoogeographical regions of world (Gagné 1994). Julião et al (2005) discusses the use of such groups as bioindicators because they are easy objects of study, due to the bodies remain locatable for much of their life cycle and are abundant in their hosts, although they are still few studies on the characterization of this fauna (Lara & Fernandes 1996), despite efforts to work on characterization of galls and gall makers in areas of restinga (Maia 2005), Cerrado, rupestrian fields, semidecidual forest in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais (Urso-Guimarães & Scarelli- Santos 2006, Urso-Guimaraes et al 2003, Lara & Fernandes 1996.…”

“…There are few studies about galls in this biome in Sao Paulo, with only one gall characterization in Pé-de-Gigante Reserve (Urso-Guimarães & Scarelli- Santos, 2006). The Ecological Station of Jataí (ESJATAÍ) is the largest conservation area of Cerrado in São Paulo and yet few studies on biodiversity of invertebrate were made, as well in other Brazilian cerrado areas, and most groups and communities have not been studied (Peruquetti 2004).…”

“…The characterization of galls was done using a synthesis of the nomenclatures presented in works in the area as Möhn (1961), Maia (2001), Urso-Guimarães et al (2003), Urso-Guimarães & Scarelli- Santos (2006) and review of the specificity of galls made by Carneiro et al (2009). Galls that were not found galling species the identification where made by similarity to several studies …”