First occurrence of parasitoid Spalangia endius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in pupae of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil

Marchiori, Carlos Henrique; Silva, C. G.

doi:10.1590/s1519-69842003000200022

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Within this context, several other management techniques are being adapted and developed, such as the use of fig ostiole protectors, which make it difficult for Z. indianus to oviposit and feed , use of attractive traps, and elimination of food substrates in the area and surroundings . Additionally, the collection and identification of natural enemies may facilitate the development of applied biological control (Marchiori & Silva 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, Thermal Requirements, and Estimation of the Number of Generations of Zaprionus Indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the Main Fig Producing Regions of Brazil

Nava

Nascimento²,

Stein³

et al. 2007

Florida Entomologist

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology, Thermal Requirements, and Estimation of the Number of Generations of Zaprionus Indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the Main Fig Producing Regions of Brazil

Nava

Nascimento²,

Stein³

et al. 2007

Florida Entomologist

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“…Various hymenopteran parasitoids have been documented parasitising Z. indianus in Brazil, though with low levels of parasitisation (2–4%) (Marchiori et al., 2003, Marchiori and Silva, 2003, Silva et al., 2004). Bacterial isolates are considered promising for the formulation of toxic baits (Geisler et al., 2019).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Zaprionus indianus

Bragard¹,

Baptista²,

Chatzivassiliou³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the African fig fly for the territory of the EU. This species successfully colonised the Indian subcontinent more than four decades ago, and more recently South and North America. Within the EU, the pest occurs in Cyprus, Malta, Portugal (Madeira) and Spain (Canary Islands and Andalusia). Z. indianus is not listed in Annex II of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/ 2072. The larvae of this fly feed on more than 80 plant species both cultivated and non-cultivated. Females produce around 60-70 eggs. Egg laying mostly occurs in decaying fruit or fruit with injuries or mechanical damage. However, Z. indianus can oviposit on undamaged healthy fruit such as figs, strawberries and guavas which provide a potential pathway for entry into the EU. Lower temperature thresholds are around 9-10°C. Optimum development occurs at 28°C. The number of generations per year varies from 12 to 16. Climatic conditions in many EU member states and host plant availability in those areas are conducive for establishment. The introduction of Z. indianus is expected to have an economic impact in the EU especially on fig and strawberry production. Damage caused by other fruit flies (Drosophilidae and Tephritidae) could be increased by mixed infestations. Phytosanitary measures are available to reduce the likelihood of entry and further spread. Z. indianus satisfies all of the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.

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“…Spalangia endius Walker is a pupal parasitoid of several dipteran species. These include B. dorsalis , Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Zaprionus indianus Gupta, and Bactrocera cucurbitae [ 7 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. S. endius was reared on B. dorsalis for several generations and retained parasitic ability on B. dorsalis [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Parasitize Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) after Switching Hosts

Song

Zhang

2021

Insects

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We studied the parasitism capacity of Spalangia endius as a pupal parasite of Bactocera dorsalis after switching hosts. We used pupae of B. dorsalis and M. domestica as the hosts and studied parasitism by S. endius in the laboratory. The parasitism capacities were compared at different host densities and different parasitoid ages. The two functional responses of S. endius fitted a Holling Type II equation. More M. domestica were parasitized than B. dorsalis at all the densities. The ability of S. endius to control M. domestica was α/Th (parasitism capacity) = 32.1950, which was much stronger than that of control B. dorsalis, which was α/Th = 4.7380. The parasitism rate of wasps that had parasitized B. dorsalis had decreased by the emergence time of parasitoids. These results suggest that the parasitoid-pest ratio should be 1:25 to maintain a relatively stable parasitism rate for control of B. dorsalis. The S. endius colony reared on M. domestica successfully controlled a low-density population of B. dorsalis in the lab. We provide evidence suggesting that the parasitism capacity of S. endius needs to be improved.

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First occurrence of parasitoid Spalangia endius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in pupae of Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Biology, Thermal Requirements, and Estimation of the Number of Generations of Zaprionus Indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the Main Fig Producing Regions of Brazil

Biology, Thermal Requirements, and Estimation of the Number of Generations of Zaprionus Indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for the Main Fig Producing Regions of Brazil

Pest categorisation of Zaprionus indianus

Ability of Spalangia endius (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Parasitize Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) after Switching Hosts

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