The gross anatomy of the nervous system of Bothriurus bonariensis (L. C. KOCH, 1842) (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)

Abstract

The nervous system of the order Scorpiones appears to have a common organizational structure. The combination of an anatomical study using methylene blue as the contrast medium together with a histological analysis using hematoxylin-eosin and Heindenhain´s iron hematoxylin techniques permitted the identkfication of a large number of nerves in B. bonariensis. Many of these are also present in a variety of other species of scorpions, belonging to distinct families of the order Scorpiones. Nevertheless, two pairs of nerves from B. bonariensis originating in the cheliceral ganglion, one pair of esophageal nerves and one pair of nerves from the aortic arch, appear to diverge from this basic organization. They have not been previously described, nor have any equivalents been reported in research on other scorpion species, in which the current homological criteria have been employed. Key-words: scorpion, Bothriurus, nervous system, ganglia, anatomy. RESUMO Anatomia do sistema nervoso de Bothriurus bonariensis (L. C. KOCH, 1842) (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae)O sistema nervoso da ordem Scorpiones parece apresentar um plano comum de organização. Uma abordagem anatômica, utilizando o azul de metileno como meio contrastante para o tecido nervoso, e histológica, por intermédio das técnicas da hematoxilina-eosina e hematoxilina férrica de Heindenhain, permitiu identificar um grande número de nervos em B. bonariensis também presentes em diversas outras espécies de escorpiões, pertencentes a famílias distintas da ordem Scorpiones. Contudo, 2 pares de nervos de B. bonariensis com origem no gânglio queliceral, o par de nervos esofagianos e o par de nervos dos arcos aórticos, parecem divergir desse plano comum, visto não terem sido descritos anteriormente nem possuírem equivalentes em outras espécies de escorpiões pelos critérios de homologia utilizados.Palavras-chave: escorpião, Bothriurus, sistema nervoso, gânglios, anatomia.

Identification of an arthropod molecular target for plant-derived natural repellents

“…We then assessed the neuronal regulation of the natural repellent–induced avoidance response. As environmental sensing involves a peripheral sensory pathway, we isolated ventral nervous cord (VNC) neurons from M. martensii ( 14 ) and performed whole-cell patch clamp recording ( Fig. 1 C ).…”

A wonderful network unraveled - Detailed description of capillaries in the prosomal ganglion of scorpions

“…Comparative morphological aspects within scorpions are described in a separate chapter below. The terminology used in the following description of the prosomal ganglion follows the works of Babu [14] and Horn and Achaval [3]. As stated above, the prosomal ganglion comprises a supra- and a subesophageal ganglion.…”

“…A prosomal ganglion combines a dorsal supra- and a ventral subesophageal ganglia. Classically, supra- and subesophageal ganglia are connected by circumesophageal connectives [3], but these are not distinguishable in arachnids [2], where the supraesophageal ganglion sits broadly on the anterior part of the subesophageal ganglion. Only in lateral view can the rather thin esophagus be taken as a fictive border between the two major ganglionic masses.…”

Neuroanatomy in a middle Cambrian mollisoniid and the ancestral nervous system organization of chelicerates

“…5). Mollisonia's metamerically arranged VNC with regularly spaced condensed ganglia is also expressed in the trunk of extant pycnogonids 40,41 , xiphosurids 42,43 , and arachnids 44 . These comparisons suggest that Mollisonia's VNC embodies the ancestral organization for total-group Chelicerata (Fig.…”