Aging and food source effects on mandibular stylets teeth wear of phytophagous stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Depieri, Rogério A.; Siqueira, Fabio; Panizzi, Antônio R.

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2010000600017

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first time that the detailed mouthpart morphology and feeding performance in a member of Pentatomidae have been reported together. The modified mouthparts of E. fullo have a number of morphological similarities to those heteropteran species described previously [17,19,22,37,44,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], but our study revealed some new and interesting features that differ from those of other true bugs, and provide a better understanding of the feeding strategies and the sensory systems of E. fullo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?

Wang

Dai

2020

Insects

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The yellow marmorated stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783), is a major pest of certain tree fruits in Northeast Asia. To better understand the feeding mechanism of E. fullo, the fine structure of the mouthparts, including the distribution and abundance of sensilla, are examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their functions are observed directly under laboratory conditions. The feeding performance is described in detail and illustrated for the first time. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host plant epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. Proceeding from labium towards the mandibular stylets, the movement pattern becomes increasingly stereotypical, including the sensilla on the tip of the labium probing, the labium making an elbow-like bend between the first and second segment, the base of the stylet fascicle housing in the groove of the labrum, the mandibular stylets penetrating the site and maxillary stylets feeding. In terms of morphology, the mouthparts are similar to those of other Heteroptera, consisting of a triangular pyramidal labrum, a tube-like and segmented labium with a deep groove on the anterior side, and a stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets. The four-segmented labium has five types of sensilla basiconica, three types of sensilla trichodea, two types of sensilla campaniformia and 1 type of sensilla coeloconica. Among them, sensilla trichodea one and sensilla basiconica one are most abundant. The tripartite apex of the labium is covered with abundant sensilla trichodea three and a few sensilla basiconica 5. The mandibular stylet tips have two nodules preapically on the dorsal margin of the convex external surface, which may help in penetrating plant tissue and anchoring the mouthparts. The externally smooth maxillary stylets interlock to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the phytophagous feeding habit in this species. Similarities and differences between the mouthparts of E. fullo and those of other Heteroptera are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?

Wang

Dai

2020

Insects

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“…nigricornis Stål, the teeth in P . sibiricus are relatively prominent and stout, but they differ from those of other heteropteran in number and pattern [15,29,32,33,38,39]. The sharp ends of the mandibular stylet are specialized to pierce plant tissues while probing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine structure of mouthparts and feeding performance of Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakevich with remarks on the specialization of sensilla and stylets for seed feeding

Wang

Dai

2017

PLoS ONE

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Mouthpart structure and feeding behavior in the temperate firebug, Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakevich, an important pest that feeds on seeds of leguminous and gramineous plants, are described for the first time. Mouthparts were observed using scanning electron microscopy to examine the external morphology, distribution and abundance of sensilla on mouthparts. Feeding performance by adults on both seeds and shoots were observed using a binocular microscope. The four-segmented labium contains 3 types of sensilla trichodea, 3 types of sensilla basiconica, 1 type of sensilla placodea and 1 type of sensilla campaniformia. Among them, sensilla trichodea are most abundant. The tripartite apex of the labium consists of two lateral lobes and an apical plate. Each lateral lobe possesses a field of 12 thick-walled uniporous peg sensilla and long non-porous hair sensilla. The mandibular stylet tips have three central teeth and two pairs of lateral teeth, which may help in penetrating hard seed coats. A series of scale-like projections are present on the inner surface of the mandibular stylets. The externally smooth maxillary stylets interlock to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal, and there are five tubercles near the tip of the right stylet. Cross-sections of the stylet fascicle show that each mandibular stylet has a dendritic canal. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the seed feeding habits.

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“…Mandible wear may not be a problem for S. endius because an individual only chews out of a host once, at emergence, and S. endius are not known to feed on solids as adults. Many previously documented cases of mouthpart wear are in insects that repeatedly consume a food source with high intractability, e.g., mandibles of a coleopteran feeding on willow leaves (Raupp 1985), stylets of a hemipteran feeding on leaves, stems and insect prey (Roitberg et al 2005), mandibles of a caterpillar feeding on grasses containing silica (Massey and Hartley 2009), and stylets of a hemipteran feeding on legume pods and seeds (Depieri et al 2010). Among parasitoid wasps, those that egress from a "hard host substrate, typically in wood," frequently show wear of their mandibles (Quicke et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of relative intractability of the external surface as a method of resistance has been especially well-documented in plants, where a hard exterior can successfully deter herbivory, but the concept also applies to host-parasite and prey-predator interactions. Toughness may decrease the chance that a consumer can reach the nutritious parts, decrease digestibility (Massey and Hartley 2009), increase the time required to consume and digest (Clissold et al 2009, Schofield et al 2011, and result in more wear on mouth parts, both mandibles and stylets (Raupp 1985, Roitberg et al 2005, Depieri et al 2010. In apparent coevolution to such wear, some insect consumers have metal ions, such as zinc or manganese, incorporated into their outer cuticle (Schofield et al 2002, Quicke et al 1998; however, wear is still often evident in older insects (Schofield et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In apparent coevolution to such wear, some insect consumers have metal ions, such as zinc or manganese, incorporated into their outer cuticle (Schofield et al 2002, Quicke et al 1998; however, wear is still often evident in older insects (Schofield et al 2011). In plant-herbivore systems, the degree of wear varies not only among plant species (Depieri et al 2010), but also with plant age (Raupp 1985). Older leaves tend to result in greater wear on herbivore mandibles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drilling-in and Chewing-out of Hosts by the Parasitoid WaspSpalangia endius(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) When ParasitizingMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae)

Broski

King

2015

Environ Entomol

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Many organisms are protected from natural enemies by a tough exterior. Such protection is particularly important for immobile stages, such as pupae. The pupa of some insects is protected by a puparium, which is a shell formed from the exoskeleton of the last larval instar. However, the puparium of certain fly species is drilled through by adult females of the wasp Spalangia endius Walker. The female wasp then deposits an egg on the fly pupa within the puparium. After the wasp offspring finishes feeding on the fly pupa, it chews through the puparium to complete emergence. Despite the apparent toughness of the puparium, there was no detectable wear on the ovipositor of S. endius females even when females had been encountering fly pupae (Musca domestica L.) for weeks, and regardless of whether the pupae were large or old or both. Energy dispersive spectroscopy did not reveal any metal ions in the ovipositor's cuticle to account for this resistance against wear. Offspring of S. endius that chewed their way out of pupae also showed no detectable wear on their mandibles. Tests with a penetrometer showed that the force required to penetrate the center of a puparium was greater for larger and for older pupae; and an index of overall thickness was greater for large old pupae than for small old pupae. The lack of an effect of pupal size or age on wear may result from wasps choosing locations on the puparium that are easier to get through.

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Aging and food source effects on mandibular stylets teeth wear of phytophagous stink bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?

How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?

Fine structure of mouthparts and feeding performance of Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakevich with remarks on the specialization of sensilla and stylets for seed feeding

Drilling-in and Chewing-out of Hosts by the Parasitoid WaspSpalangia endius(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) When ParasitizingMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae)

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