Diferenciación morfológica y molecular de Oleria makrena (Hewitson) y Oleria fumata (Haensch) (Lepidoptera: Ithomiinae)

Abstract

-Oleria (Olerinii tribe) is a genus of great ecological and evolutionary importance among the Ithomiinae (Nymphalidae). Species identifi cation is very complex since most of them are involved in mimicry rings and share large morphological similarities. Ithomiinae specimens collected in the Antioquia Southwest -Colombia, showed confuse wing color pattern generating diffi culties to defi ne the presence of one or two species at the sampled region. Collected specimens were studied in detail using male and female genitalia and nucleotide sequences besides traditional character of wing color and venation. Oleria makrena (Hewitson) and Oleria fumata (Haensch) were registered and the relative utility of each character for species identifi cation was defi ned. For males, wing color pattern was enough to differentiate both species, and the separation of specimens by this character was congruent with the separation obtained by using genitalia and DNA sequences. However, for females, wing patterns were not enough for the adequate separation or species and genitalia-based characters were necessary. DNA sequences of a short fragment of the mitochondrial gene ND4 allowed for the rapid and precise differentiation of both species, coinciding with the separation using genitalia for both males and females. The analysis of 579 base pairs (bp) indicated 46 nucleotide differences between both species. KEY WORDS: Wing coloration pattern, genitalia, mitochondrial DNA, sympatric species, species differentiation RESUMEN-Oleria spp. (tribu Olerinii) es un género de gran interés a nivel ecológico y evolutivo entre los Ithomiinae. La identifi cación de sus especies con base en caracteres morfológicos puede ser compleja debido a que la mayoría de ellas están involucradas en anillos miméticos y poseen grandes similitudes. En muestreos de mariposas ithomiinae realizados en el Suroeste Antioqueño, Colombia, se encontraron especímenes con patrones alares que difi cultaron el registro de una o dos especies en la zona de estudio. Los especímenes se examinaron en detalle incluyendo observaciones de los genitales de machos y hembras y obtención de secuencias nucleotídicas además de los caracteres tradicionales de venación y coloración alar. Se verifi có la presencia de Oleria makrena (Hewitson) y Oleria fumata (Haensch) y se precisó la utilidad de cada uno de los caracteres en la diferenciación de las dos especies. En los machos, la separación de ambas especies pudo realizarse con base en la morfología alar y coincidió con la realizada mediante los genitales y las secuencias de ADN. Sin embargo, en el caso de las hembras los patrones de venación alar fueron confusos y se requirió el uso de los genitales. Las secuencias de la región corta de ADN (gen ND4) usada, permitieron realizar una diferenciación rápida y acertada de las especies que coincidió con la obtenida por los genitales tanto femeninos como masculinos. El análisis del fragmento de 579 pb señaló la existencia de 46 diferencias nucleotídicas entre las dos especies.

Genetic variability and demographic history ofHeliothis virescens(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Brazil inferred by mtDNA sequences

“…Currently, the availability of complete genomes of several species of Lepidoptera (Cameron & Whiting, 2008; Yang et al ., 2009) allows for the evaluation and selection of additional genes for studies at all taxonomic levels in this group. The subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH) gene are an example, as they have been recently applied in several studies on population genetics (Meraner et al ., 2008; Gomez-P et al ., 2009; Miller et al ., 2009) despite their previous use in butterflies higher taxonomic levels studies (Weller et al , 1994; Morinaka et al , 1999; Yagi et al , 1999).…”

Exploitation of mitochondrial nad6 as a complementary marker for studying population variability in Lepidoptera

“…Notwithstanding, the recent availability of complete mitochondrial genomes of several Lepidoptera species (Cameron and Whiting, 2008; Yang et al , 2009), has facilitated the evaluation and establishment of new genes for studying population genetics within the group. Subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (NADH), such as nad1 (Miller et al , 2009), nad4 (Gomez et al , 2009) and nad5 (Meraner et al , 2008), are beginning to be exploited in studies of population structure. These genes have already been widely used in studies at higher taxonomic levels (Weller et al , 1994; Morinaka et al , 1999; Yagi et al , 1999), subunits of nad having proved to be more variable than the other mitochondrial regions frequently used in such instances (Cameron and Whiting, 2008).…”

Suscetibilidade à proteína Cry1Ac e estrutura genética em populações de Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) no Brasil

“…Além disso, uma das principais vantagens do uso do DNAmit nos estudos de filogeografia está relacionada à relativa falta de recombinação, que na prática significa que, na ausência de mutações, todos os descendentes terão o mesmo genoma mitocondrial materno, o que possibilita que linhagens individuais possam ser traçadas ao longo do tempo e do espaço (FREELAND, 2006). Atualmente, devido à disponibilização de genomas completos de várias espécies de Lepidoptera (CAMERON;WHITING, 2008;YANG et al, 2009) é possível realizar a avaliação e o estabelecimento de novos genes para estudos em todos os níveis taxonômicos neste grupo, dos quais pode se destacar as subunidades da desidrogenase dinucleotídica da adenina nicotinamida (NADH) para estudos de genética populacional (CAMERON;WHITING, 2008;MERANER et al, 2008;MILLER et al, 2009;GOMEZ-P et al, 2009).…”