A new species of Eretris Thieme (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the Elbow of the Andes region in Bolivia

Pyrcz, Tomasz W.; Gareca, Yuvinka

doi:10.1590/s1519-566x2009000300012

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The dramatic decrease in species richness in the Bolivian Andes has been observed in other taxa (birds: Rahbek and Graves 2001;insects: Pyrcz et al 2013). This phenomenon has been related to increased seasonality in southern Bolivia, which has been recognized as a crucial limiting factor for tropical species (Pyrcz and Gareca 2009;Pyrcz et al 2013). Our data also suggest that in the western Andes, there is higher species richness in northern rather than in southern latitudes among Pristimantis frogs; further analyses on other taxa may reveal whether this is a common pattern and which mechanisms are shaping latitudinal patterns of species richness in Andean organisms.…”

Section: Latitudinal Effectsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Spatial diversity patterns of Pristimantis frogs in the Tropical Andes

Meza‐Joya

Torres

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Although biodiversity gradients have been widely documented, the factors governing broad‐scale patterns in species richness are still a source of intense debate and interest in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Here, we tested whether spatial hypotheses (species–area effect, topographic heterogeneity, mid‐domain null model, and latitudinal effect) explain the pattern of diversity observed along the altitudinal gradient of Andean rain frogs of the genus Pristimantis. We compiled a gamma‐diversity database of 378 species of Pristimantis from the tropical Andes, specifically from Colombia to Bolivia, using records collected above 500 m.a.s.l. Analyses were performed at three spatial levels: Tropical Andes as a whole, split in its two main domains (Northern and Central Andes), and split in its 11 main mountain ranges. Species richness, area, and topographic heterogeneity were calculated for each 500‐m‐width elevational band. Spatial hypotheses were tested using linear regression models. We examined the fit of the observed diversity to the mid‐domain hypothesis using randomizations. The species richness of Pristimantis showed a hump‐shaped pattern across most of the altitudinal gradients of the Tropical Andes. There was high variability in the relationship between area and species richness along the Tropical Andes. Correcting for area effects had little impact in the shape of the empirical pattern of biodiversity curves. Mid‐domain models produced similar gradients in species richness relative to empirical gradients, but the fit varied among mountain ranges. The effect of topographic heterogeneity on species richness varied among mountain ranges. There was a significant negative relationship between latitude and species richness. Our findings suggest that spatial processes partially explain the richness patterns of Pristimantis frogs along the Tropical Andes. Explaining the current patterns of biodiversity in this hot spot may require further studies on other possible underlying mechanisms (e.g., historical, biotic, or climatic hypotheses) to elucidate the factors that limit the ranges of species along this elevational gradient.

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Section: Latitudinal Effectsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…). This phenomenon has been related to increased seasonality in southern Bolivia, which has been recognized as a crucial limiting factor for tropical species (Pyrcz and Gareca ; Pyrcz et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial diversity patterns of Pristimantis frogs in the Tropical Andes

Meza‐Joya

Torres

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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“…47,48,55) Diagnosis: This species closely resembles in color pattern several congeners, including E. calisto, E. agata and E. encycla. The HWV pattern of E. neocycla resembles most closely E. encycla, particularly in the shape of postmedian crimson red bands, which is a character recognized as playing an important role in the generic taxonomy of Eretris Pyrcz, 2004;Pyrcz & Gareca, 2009). E. neocycla is consistently larger in size than E. encycla, it has larger HWV submarginal ocelli, and a yellow HWD anal suffusion, which is a character not found in any subspecies of E. encycla.…”

Section: Corades Pannonia Pannonia Hewitson (Figs 41 42)mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…E. encycla is also similar to E. agata Pyrcz described recently from the Guyana Shield (Pyrcz & Fratello, 2005). The generic taxonomy of Eretris has been discussed in more detail recently in a paper dedicated to the description of E. julieta Pyrcz & Gareca, another related species found in Bolivia (Pyrcz & Gareca, 2009). E. encycla is a common species in the SL, and similarly to S. bega, it is very fond of hot, sandy places on forest trails and road.…”

Section: Corades Pannonia Pannonia Hewitson (Figs 41 42)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa

Viloria

Pyrcz

Orellana

2010

Zootaxa

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The fauna of montane satyrine butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is surveyed in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa, a long but relatively low range of mountains consisting of two parallel units, the northern and higher Serranía del Litoral and the southern, lower Serranía del Interior. The subtribe Pronophilina is briefly characterized. Twenty-three known species are listed and discussed. One new species, Eretris neocycla n. sp., and three new subspecies, Corades medeba pittieri n. ssp., Pedaliodes piletha costae n. ssp. and Pedaliodes manis ivica n. ssp., are described. Ten lectotypes are designated. Thiemeia phoronea obscurata Krüger is reinstated as a valid subspecies, based on female characters. Faunal affinities and local endemism ratio are evaluated. Alpha-diversity is discussed and compared with that of other South American ranges. Two elevational species assemblages are identified, lower and upper, the latter confined to the Serranía del Litoral.

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“…Within this area, the ‘Yungas’ tropical montane forests give way to subtropical ‘Tucumán’ forests. South of 19°S the climate becomes markedly seasonal, the winter (May–September) being dry with frequent frost below 2000 m. This is a crucial limiting factor for tropical species which have not developed frost resistance (Pyrcz & Gareca, ). In common with our study, several recent studies have also found seasonality to be a strong predictor of species richness patterns (Williams & Hero, ; Williams & Middleton, ; Tello & Stevens, ; Hanya et al ., ; Abrahamczyk et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal gradient and spatial covariance in species richness of tropical Lepidoptera in the Andes

Pyrcz

Willmott

Garlacz

et al. 2013

Insect Conserv Diversity

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We investigated whether Lepidoptera species richness in the tropical Andes is distributed evenly across the latitudinal gradient, explored the spatial correlations between different taxonomic groups, and investigated historical and ecological factors responsible for shaping the observed patterns. We interpolated species richness from collecting records of nine ecologically diverse taxa of montane Lepidoptera, eight of butterflies (Ithomiini, Acraeini, Callicorini, Pronophilina, Aporiina, Leptophobia, Penaincisalia, and Forsterinaria) and one of moths (Geometridae: Erateina) along elevational transects from 1000 to 3500 m every two degrees in latitude between 11°N and 27°S. We used multiple regression to assess the role of climatic and historical variables in shaping their species richness patterns, and Spearman's correlation coefficient to examine the correlation of species richness gradients between pairs of taxa. We found that Lepidoptera species richness in the tropical Andes is distributed unevenly across the latitudinal gradient, differing considerably between the least and the most diverse transects, with a peak at 3–11°S, and is strongly correlated among all nine taxa. Geological age of the Andes, area and climatic seasonality explained the most variation in species richness, with age dominating in the north and seasonality in the south. The latitudinal gradient in east Andean Lepidoptera species richness is likely a result of historical and contemporary factors, in particular temperature seasonality and the greater age of the Andes south of the Equator. Local aspects of species richness patterns are due to small‐scale geological or climatic phenomena, for example, the peak at 3–5°S which results from local mixing of east‐west Andean faunas in the Huancabamba Deflection area.

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A new species of Eretris Thieme (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the Elbow of the Andes region in Bolivia

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Spatial diversity patterns of Pristimantis frogs in the Tropical Andes

Spatial diversity patterns of Pristimantis frogs in the Tropical Andes

A survey of the Neotropical montane butterflies of the subtribe Pronophilina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Venezuelan Cordillera de la Costa

Latitudinal gradient and spatial covariance in species richness of tropical Lepidoptera in the Andes

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