Morphology of the immatures and biology of Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Abstract

074-082 (2009) Morfologia dos Estágios Imaturos e Biologia de Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) RESUMO -Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin) é encontrada apenas no Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai, sobre plantas hospedeiras de pelo menos três famílias diferentes. Adultos e ninfas dessa espécie foram coletados no Parque Estadual do Espinilho (Barra do Quaraí, RS) e na região da Serra do Sudeste (Canguçu e Caçapava do Sul, RS) e mantidos sob condições controladas (24 ± 1°C; UR 70 ± 10%; 12hL:12hE), alimentados com vagens verdes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os ovos e as ninfas de primeiro ínstar de C. longicorialis são muito semelhantes àqueles das demais espécies de Chinavia; porém apresentando manchas alaranjadas na margem lateral dos segmentos torácicos. As manchas abdominais, a partir do terceiro ínstar, são nitidamente divididas pelas pseudo-suturas do abdome, o que constitui caráter diagnóstico para C. longicorialis. Ninfas do terceiro ao quinto ínstar apresentaram formas claras e escuras. Não foi observada sobreposição nas medidas de largura da cabeça entre diferentes estádios. O número de ovos por postura mais freqüente foi 14; sugere-se a adoção da moda como melhor estimativa para o tamanho das posturas em Pentatomidae. A duração média da fase imatura (ovo a adulto) foi de 39,4 ± 3,20 dias. A alta mortalidade do segundo ao quinto ínstar (82,4%) e a ausência de desempenho reprodutivo nos adultos da segunda geração de laboratório indicam que vagens de feijão constituem alimento inadequado para a sobrevivência e reprodução de C. longicorialis. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Percevejo-verde, ovo, ninfa, mortalidade, tempo de desenvolvimento ABSTRACT -Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin) is recorded only in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay on host plants of at least three different families. Adults and nymphs were reared under standard controlled conditions (24 ± 1°C; 70 ± 10% RH; 12hL:12hD), and fed on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Eggs and fi rst instars of C. longicorialis are very similar to those of other species of Chinavia; however, the presence of orange maculae at the thoracic pleura is exclusive of fi rst instars of C. longicorialis. Third to fi fth instars have abdominal maculae divided by pseudo-sutures, a diagnostic feature of C. longicorialis nymphs. Light and dark morphs were observed for third, fourth and fi fth instars. Head width measurements did not overlap between consecutive instars. The most frequent size of an egg clutch was 14; we suggest the adoption of the mode as the best and useful estimate of the egg clutch size for Pentatomidae. Average duration of the immature stages (egg to adult) was 39.4 ± 3.20 days. The high mortality observed from second to fi fth instar (82.4%) and the lack of reproduction of the second generation indicate that green beans are unsuitable to proper development and reproduction of C. longicorialis by itself.

Comparative biology of two congeneric stinkbugs, Chinavia impicticornis and C. ubica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

“…However, the development time from egg to adult registered for these species was longer than those obtained for C. impicticornis and C. ubica: 42 days for C. marginatum; 45.3 days for C. apicicornis; 38.5 days for C. bella; 86 days for C. obstinate; 45.7 days for C. pengue; and 39 days for C. longicorialis (Hallman et al, 1992;La Porta & Avalos, 1993;Avalos & La Porta, 1996;Matesco et al, 2003Matesco et al, , 2007Matesco et al, , 2009. Besides physiological particularities of each species, the differences observed between them may also be due to: food sources, time (number of generations) in laboratory rearing, environmental conditions, or rearing procedures.…”

“…Similar egg development time was reported for other Chinavia species: 6.8 days for C. marginatum Palisot de Beauvois, 1817; 8 days for C. apicicornis Spinola, 1852; 6 days for C. bella Rolston, 1983; 6.7 days for C. longicorialis Breddin, 1901; 8.4 days for C. obstinata Stål, 1860; and 8 days for C. pengue Rolston, 1983(La Porta & Avalos, 1993Avalos & La Porta, 1996;Matesco et al, 2007Matesco et al, , 2009). However, the development time from egg to adult registered for these species was longer than those obtained for C. impicticornis and C. ubica: 42 days for C. marginatum; 45.3 days for C. apicicornis; 38.5 days for C. bella; 86 days for C. obstinate; 45.7 days for C. pengue; and 39 days for C. longicorialis (Hallman et al, 1992;La Porta & Avalos, 1993;Avalos & La Porta, 1996;Matesco et al, 2003Matesco et al, , 2007Matesco et al, , 2009.…”

“…Moreover, females of this species did not display copulatory behavior and egg-laying activity. The authors suggest a clear influence of the diet on the mortality of immature stages of C. longicornis because egg and first-instar nymph showed lower mortality (Matesco et al, 2009). Wild hosts, besides some other cultivated plants, are fundamental for immature and adult performance of stinkbugs (Panizzi, 1997).…”

“…According to Nath & Rai (2010), reduced survival in early stages, with mortality prior to sexual maturity, plays a key role in decreasing the population size. Matesco et al (2009) observed high mortality (82%) of C. longicornis from first-to fifth-instar nymphs, which made it impossible to keep the insects in the laboratory up to the second generation. Moreover, females of this species did not display copulatory behavior and egg-laying activity.…”

Comparative morphology of immature stages of four species of Chinavia (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), with a key to the species of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

“…In Brazil, 32 species are recorded, 18 of which are endemic (Schwertner and Grazia 2007). Twelve species can be found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, eight of which have the morphology of nymphs or some biological aspects known: Chinavia erythrocnemis (Berg, 1878) (Matesco et al 2006), Chinavia impicticornis (Stål, 1872) (Grazia et al 1982), Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin, 1901) (Matesco et al 2009a), Chinavia musiva (Berg, 1878) (Matesco et al 2008), Chinavia nigridorsata (Breddin, 1901) (Vecchio et al 1988), Chinavia obstinata (Stål, 1860) (Matesco et al 2003), Chinavia pengue (Rolston, 1983)(Matesco et al 2007) and Chinavia ubica (Rolston, 1983) (Schwertner et al 2002). …”