IMMATURES OF PENTATOMIDS (HEMIPTERA, HETEROPTERA): MORPHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF ACROSTERNUM OBSTINATUM. The morphological characteristics of the egg and five immature stages of Acrosternum obstinatum (Stål, 1860), fed on passion fruit, are described and illustrated. Biological data are also provided.

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Eggs of 14 species within two subfamilies (Edessinae and Pentatominae, tribes Carpocorini, Nezarini, Pentatomini, Procleticini, and one unplaced species) of neotropical pentatomids were studied with scanning electron microscopy, and their external morphology was characterized in detail (chorion surface, operculum, and aero-micropylar processes). Eggs of these species have similar characteristics to those already described for other pentatomids. Most of them are barrelshaped, except in Edessa meditabunda (with spherical eggs) and Odmalea basalis (whose eggs have flattened lateral faces). A “T”-shaped ruptor ovis is present in all studied species; eclosion line at the operculum rim may be visible or not. Average size of eggs (length x width) ranges from 0.9 ± 0.12 x 0.9 ± 0.05 mm (Euschistus picticornis) to 2.1 ± 0.12 x 1.7 ± 0.10 mm (Chinavia erythrocnemis); the number of the aero-micropylar processes ranges from 10 (C. musiva) to 86 (C. obstinata). Chorion surface has a variable aspect: eggs of Euschistus spp., Loxa deducta, and Pallantia macunaima have the spinose chorion type; C. erythrocnemis, C. longicorialis, C. obstinata, C. pengue, and Grazia tincta have a reticulate chorion; C. musiva, O. basalis, and E. meditabunda have a granulated chorion; and Thyanta humilis has a salebrose chorion type. All the species with described eggs in the Edessinae share the same diagnostic features. In Pentatominae, we did not identify shared characters among the species at subfamily or tribe level. Chorion sculpture pattern and aero-micropylar processes shape, as well as number, are diagnostic features at genus level; however, a few species could be identified in the egg stage.

Description of the Immature Stages of Chinavia erythrocnemis (Berg) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)ABSTRACT -Adults and nymphs of Chinavia erythrocnemis (Berg) were colected on Sebastiania commersoniana (Baill.) Smith & Downs in the Parque Estadual do Espinilho in Barra do Quaraí county, RS, and used to establish a laboratory culture reared on green pods of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Egg coloration is light-brown, chorion is reticulated and aero-micropylar processes are clubbed and white; mean number of aero-micropylar processes is 61. Eggs are very similar to those from other Neotropical Chinavia species, but the average number of 12 eggs/mass is unique among Chinavia species. Nymphs are predominantly black, with the distal part of the head, femur, and the basal part of tibia, red. First instar has the dorsal maculae of the head and thorax in red coloration, and the abdomen with a series of 3+3 dorsal white maculae. Second to fifth instars have 1+1 white maculae on lateral margins of pronotum and 2+2 white maculae on abdome. Fourth and fifth instars show an ovate white maculae in the middle of lateral plates of abdomen. Nymph coloration and the size, number and position of the maculae on pronotum and abdomen are diagnostic to C. erythrocnemis. ínstares, aparecem manchas circulares de coloração branca no centro de cada placa lateral do abdome. A coloração das ninfas e o tamanho, número e posição das manchas do pronoto e do abdome são características diagnósticas para os imaturos de C. erythrocnemis.

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The chorionic structure of sixteen pentatomid species is described. Morphological patterns in different taxonomic levels are discussed. In addition, egg characters useful in cladistic analyses are listed, and some of those characters are tested for congruence with two cladistic analyses previously conducted within Pentatomidae. Descriptive studies were conducted with Banasa induta, Capivaccius bufo, Catulona pensa, Chinavia armigera, Chinavia aseada, Chinavia brasicola, Chinavia runaspis, Dichelops furcatus, Euschistus heros, Euschistus riograndensis, Euschistus paranticus, Mormidea cornicollis, Podisus distinctus, Podisus nigrispinus, Serdia apicicornis, and Thoreyella maracaja. The eggs were examined and photographed under light and scanning electron microscopy. Based on literature data, a list of 40 egg characters with potential phylogenetic importance has been compiled. Some of these characters were included in the cladistic analyses of the genus Nezara (six characters) and of the Chinavia obstinata group (five characters). Both analyses were performed in TNT with equal weighting of characters. The eggs of most of the Neotropical species studied were barrel-shaped, chorion translucent and spinose, with aero-micropylar processes that were short and clubbed. The patterns of egg morphology could be identified in Carpocorini, Procleticini, and in the genera Banasa, Chinavia, Euschistus, Mormidea, and Podisus. In the cladistic analyses, the inclusion of egg characters did not affect the topology of the trees shown in the original papers. For the analyses, the egg characters were somewhat informative. At present, a total of 286 Pentatomidae species have their egg stage described.

074-082 (2009) Morfologia dos Estágios Imaturos e Biologia de Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) RESUMO -Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin) é encontrada apenas no Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai, sobre plantas hospedeiras de pelo menos três famílias diferentes. Adultos e ninfas dessa espécie foram coletados no Parque Estadual do Espinilho (Barra do Quaraí, RS) e na região da Serra do Sudeste (Canguçu e Caçapava do Sul, RS) e mantidos sob condições controladas (24 ± 1°C; UR 70 ± 10%; 12hL:12hE), alimentados com vagens verdes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os ovos e as ninfas de primeiro ínstar de C. longicorialis são muito semelhantes àqueles das demais espécies de Chinavia; porém apresentando manchas alaranjadas na margem lateral dos segmentos torácicos. As manchas abdominais, a partir do terceiro ínstar, são nitidamente divididas pelas pseudo-suturas do abdome, o que constitui caráter diagnóstico para C. longicorialis. Ninfas do terceiro ao quinto ínstar apresentaram formas claras e escuras. Não foi observada sobreposição nas medidas de largura da cabeça entre diferentes estádios. O número de ovos por postura mais freqüente foi 14; sugere-se a adoção da moda como melhor estimativa para o tamanho das posturas em Pentatomidae. A duração média da fase imatura (ovo a adulto) foi de 39,4 ± 3,20 dias. A alta mortalidade do segundo ao quinto ínstar (82,4%) e a ausência de desempenho reprodutivo nos adultos da segunda geração de laboratório indicam que vagens de feijão constituem alimento inadequado para a sobrevivência e reprodução de C. longicorialis. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Percevejo-verde, ovo, ninfa, mortalidade, tempo de desenvolvimento ABSTRACT -Chinavia longicorialis (Breddin) is recorded only in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay on host plants of at least three different families. Adults and nymphs were reared under standard controlled conditions (24 ± 1°C; 70 ± 10% RH; 12hL:12hD), and fed on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Eggs and fi rst instars of C. longicorialis are very similar to those of other species of Chinavia; however, the presence of orange maculae at the thoracic pleura is exclusive of fi rst instars of C. longicorialis. Third to fi fth instars have abdominal maculae divided by pseudo-sutures, a diagnostic feature of C. longicorialis nymphs. Light and dark morphs were observed for third, fourth and fi fth instars. Head width measurements did not overlap between consecutive instars. The most frequent size of an egg clutch was 14; we suggest the adoption of the mode as the best and useful estimate of the egg clutch size for Pentatomidae. Average duration of the immature stages (egg to adult) was 39.4 ± 3.20 days. The high mortality observed from second to fi fth instar (82.4%) and the lack of reproduction of the second generation indicate that green beans are unsuitable to proper development and reproduction of C. longicorialis by itself.

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