Direito à alimentação

Abstract

It is odd that, even though they constitute one of the most enduring and serious problems faced by humanity, issues relating to food, nutrition, health, civil rights and the duties and obligations of the state and society have only come to figure prominently in public policy-making in the last half century. In fact, it was only in the aftermath of the Second World War that the still nebulous and ill-defined issue of widespread malnutrition found its way onto the agenda of political leaders, having hitherto been the subject of biological, economic, social, historical, cultural, religious and ethical studies relating to human development. We owe the fact that awareness was raised and governments and society spurred into action across the globe largely to the inspiration provided by two books by a Brazilian doctor called Josué de Castro: The Geography of Hunger (1946) and The Geopolitics of Hunger (1951). These books have been translated into 25 languages and gone through dozens of reprints and re-editions, along with scores of other books by the same author. This is because of Josué de Castro's pioneering role in breaking the conspiracy of silence that made hunger a taboo subject and thereby stifled debate and hampered the task of taking action to straighten out the tortuous paths that human history has taken in the realms of economics, politics, anthropology, sociology, the study of disease, morality, religious practice, and ecological and geographical determinism. Geography and religion were once touted as the main a priori excuses for human problems. There were supposedly natural and supernatural explanations for the unequal distribution of wealth into clusters of opulence and poverty, and for the perverse exploitation of workers and natural resources, which ranged from the absurdity of slavery to the dissimulation used to extract the maximum surplus value by perpetuating insalubrious working conditions, low wages, and unemployment and under-employment, as a way of providing a constant potential reserve army of workers, available to perform tasks that are shunned by the majority of the workforce. This is the historical backcloth to hunger in Brazil and around the world, which Josué de Castro, on an international scale, and Nelson Chaves and others, in Brazil, denounced through the scientific authority of their studies and the persistence of their political activism. The aim of these preliminary observations is to underline Brazil's history as a forerunner in the worldwide struggle against hunger and malnutrition. In fact, apart from the vicissitudes of historical circumstances, such as the emergence of the League of Nations, after the First World War and the United Nations at the end of World War II, there is a continuous line of thought and political action favoring the concept of civil rights and duties and its application. It is fair to say that, although it often strayed far from the way, the 20 th century was the Age of Human Rights, ranging from the most universal to the most specific, such as the rights o...

Diversidade de plantas alimentícias encontradas em quintais da comunidade Bom Lugar, Campo Maior-PI

“…A alimentação consiste em um direito social e fundamental, que assegura a todo cidadão, a garantia de acesso aos alimentos em quantidade e qualidade adequadas para o atendimento pleno de suas necessidades biológicas, todos os dias, em todos os lugares e sob todas as circunstâncias (Brasil, 1988;Batista Filho, 2010). Entretanto, apesar de ser um direito assegurado pela Constituição Federal, grande parte da população brasileira e global não tem acesso à segurança alimentar e nutricional diária (FAO et al, 2019).…”

“É preciso comer com esperança”

“…2010, pela Emenda Constitucional 64, de 2010 1 . Essa inclusão representou uma conquista histórica fruto da mobilização social e colocou a alimentação como um dever do Estado 2,3 . Neste ensaio, a fome é abordada como expressão da violação do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA).…”

Fatores de risco e proteção ao comportamento alimentar do adolescente: um olhar sobre vulnerabilidades e resiliência

“…Apesar de a alimentação ser uma necessidade primária do ser humano, há pouco tempo que as questões relacionadas a ela, como nutrição, saúde, direitos de cidadania, obrigações do Estado e deveres da sociedade passaram a figurar como parte das grandes reflexões e linhas de ação de políticas públicas (Batista Filho, 2010). Neste ínterim algumas declarações e leis têm sido imprescindíveis para assegurar uma alimentação digna ao ser humano no âmbito internacional e nacional, como a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1945, a Carta da Terra de 2000 (TerraCarta, 2013), a Constituição Federal de 1988 (Brasil, 1988), e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990 (Brasil, 1990).…”