Cinemática de variáveis de técnica-chave nos flic flacs de ginastas de elite

Abstract

Introduction: Gymnastic is the most ancient and spectacular closed skills sport. Nonetheless, often technical parameters of execution are taught only by trainer experience. Thus, a lack of objective data about gymnastic performance (kinematics references) is present. Objective: In the current study, we wanted to quantify linear and hyperextension back movements during the performance of backward handsprings. Methods: A non invasive detection of backward handsprings was made using a 3D optoelectronic instrument. Thirteen spherical retro-reflective markers (diameter 1 cm) were positioned on the body of 9 experienced gymnasts: right and left lateral malleolus, fibular head, greater trochanter, acromion, olecranon, styloid process of the ulna; vertex. In the same session and after a warming-up period, each participant performed 15 repetitions of backward handsprings. Ten repetitions were analyzed, and the 3D tracks of the 13 landmarks measured. Results: On average, men performed longer backward handsprings than women (men, 122% of height; women, 98%); women attained a larger vertical height (women, 62% of height; men, 58%). The lower limb arrangement was homogenous among the gymnasts: posterior knee angles ranged between 80° and 118°. No lower limb abduction was observed: knee width was 7 cm smaller than intertrochanter width; ankle width was 8 cm smaller than knee width. At take-off, the trunk-thigh angle showed an excellent body alignment, with values very close to 180°. Women performed the handstand phase with closer wrists than men (men, 134% of shoulder width; women, 121%). Conclusion: The results may offer data to improve learning, defining golden standard execution taken from high level gymnasts with few injuries.