A kinetic and kinematic comparison of the two-footed and step-out back handsprings on the balance beam

Abstract

The back handspring is one of the most commonly performed skills on the balance beam in women's gymnastics. Despite this, quantitative research on the beam has often been overlooked. This study aimed to investigate the kinetic and kinematic variables during the performance of two back handspring techniques on the beam: the back handspring with two footed landing and the back handspring step-out. A modified balance beam was fixed to a force plate with an isolated mat for landing to allow analysis of the take-off and hand contact phases. Kinetic and kinematic data were recorded for twelve gymnasts performing both techniques. No statistically significant differences between techniques were found during take-off. However, average peak vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces (4.1 bodyweights ± 1.1 BW, and 0.7 BW ± 0.2 BW, respectively) were higher and time to peak force shorter during the hand contact phase for the two footed variant. A more vertical trajectory, along with a greater hand contact ground reaction force were found in comparison to the back handspring performed on the floor. These results highlight the need for more specific investigation to understand the factors which could contribute to reducing the load faced during balance beam performance.

Age-Related Differences between Maximum Flight Height of Basic Skills on Floor, Beam and Vault and Physical Condition of Youth Female Artistic Gymnasts

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Application of multiple regression models in the analysis of kinematic parameters in competitive gymnastics

“…He concluded that the most appropriate wrist joint angle during the support phase was 95 degrees and that the wrist joint angle was influenced by aspects such as the number of years of training and shoulder joint angle. Science and technology are assisting human development, and along with the continuous progress of scientific research methods, kinesiology research methods have developed from two-dimensional planar analysis to three-dimensional analysis techniques, and with the continuous development and enhancement of research methods, more diversified data analysis is put into the research of different projects [12]- [14].…”