Multi drug resistance in strong biofilm forming clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis which exists in healthy human skin as a commensal inhabitant is also an important pathogen forming biofilms on many surfaces and recently, increased resistance traits were suggested to be acquired in biofilm environments. In this study; clinical Prevalences, antibiotic resistances and biofilm formations of S. epidermidis strains were determined and comparison of all these findings with each other was carried out in order to take precautions against them and figure out if high biofilm forming S. epidermidis strains display multi drug resistance. According to our results; samples of wound and blood were the most S. epidermidis isolated clinical materials (40%; 35%) and cardiothoracic surgery was the most S. epidermidis observed service unit. All of these strains were sensitive to vancomycin, however 65% of them showed resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics (Penicillin, Oxacillin, Amoxicilin/Clavulonic acid), used in this study and 60% of all S. epidermidis strains were found as multi drug resistant. When the results of strong biofilm forming S. epidermidis strains are examined; they were isolated from sample of blood and service unit of cardiovascular surgery in highest frequency and 80% of them were β-lactam resistant whereas 100% of them were multi drug resistant. One of these multi drug resistant strains which was resistant to maximum amount of different antimicrobial classes, was also observed as maximum biofilm forming strain among all the other S. epidermidis isolates. Multi drug resistance in strong biofilm forming strains shows that; biofilms play a role in antimicrobial resistance traits of S. epidermidis.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Zataria multiflora Against the Expression of icaADB and aap Gene and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis

“…epidermidis (11,(20)(21)(22). The current results are in agreement with other studies that showed resistance to erythromycin (8,19).…”

“…The findings were in agreement with Sahal and Bilkay (11) and Farajzadeh Sheikh and Mehdinejad studies (18) that showed the isolates of blood and wound were the most common clinical materials. The researchers demonstrated that in some isolates of S. epidermidis, sub-inhibitory concentrations of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin enhanced biofilm formation in a dosedependent manner (19).…”

“…2019; 14(1):e65321. 5 S. epidermidis strains from blood, wound, and cardiothoracic surgery samples showed sensitivity to vancomycin, while 65% were resistant to all β-lactams and 60% were multi-drug resistant (11); researchers have suggested that vancomycin is an efficient antibiotic for inhibition of S.…”

Modulatory Effect of Lippia alba Essential Oil on the Activity of Clinically Used Antimicrobial Agents on Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae Biofilm

“…As they are resistant structures, biofilms need higher concentrations for their eradication, approximately 10 to 1000 times higher, when compared to planktonic cells [39][40][41]. However, in this study, LaEO was able to inhibit biofilm formation at the same concentration that inhibited planktonic cell growth; it also promoted loss of viability, de-structuring the already mature biofilm at a concentration of only 2xMIC LaEO I , showing the excellent antibiofilm action of the essential oil.…”

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius biofilms secrete factors that induce inflammatory reactions in vitro

“…). Moreover, strong biofilm producers showed a higher resistance to antibiotics than that of weak biofilm producers (Sahal and Bilkay ). Considering previous studies and our findings, it is suggested that infections with strong biofilm‐producing S. pseudintermedius are difficult to treat with antibiotics and that the strong biofilm induces severe inflammation of host tissue.…”