Characteristics of a β-1,4-D endoglucanase from Trichoderma virens wholly applied in a palm-fruit husk-based diet for poultry layers

Abstract

The characteristics of an endoglucanase produced by a Trichoderma virens strain T9 newly isolated from a palm-fruit husk dump site, its physiological characteristics and enzyme production were studied. Whole cells of the depolymerizing-enzyme producing T. virens were applied to palm-fruit husk and bird performance characteristics when employed as poultry diet additive were considered. Endoglucanase activity in submerged fermentation was 1.6 nkat. Optimum activity was recorded at pH 6.0 and 55 o C. The enzyme retained 50% residual glucanase activity at 70 o C for 10 minutes. 1.0% Tween-80 and SDS yielded endoglucanase activity 2.15 times higher than the control. Activity was boosted by 20mM Ca 2+ (115.0%); 10mM K + (106.5%); and was totally inhibited by 1mM Hg 2+ . The addition of T. virens-fermented palm-fruit husk with other layer feed components on the bird characteristics showed that change in bird weight between the control and test birds were not significantly different (p>0.05) but differed in terms of daily feed ingested (p<0.05). The feed to weight-gain ratio was best with the unmodified palm-fruit husk based diet (8.59). There was no significant difference in the egg weights from modified palm-fruit husk based diet and control (p>0.05). The shell thickness (0.64mm) and yolk content (23.61%) were highest in the microbially-modified husk diet.The alternative to maize based diets proffered by the application of T. virens-modified palm-fruit husk in poultry nutrition in terms of bird weight and feed to weight-gain ratio affords the poultry farmer an economic advantage and allows for a greater utilization of the maize in human diets.

Effect of Solid-State Fermented Wheat Bran Supplemented with Agrimony Extract on Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

“…In recent years, several studies have been published, which detail the use of filamentous fungi in SSF and its successful application in broiler nutrition. Specific examples include the use of Umbelopsis isabellina CCF2412 on cornmeal [7,10,11], Trichoderma pseudokoningii on wheat bran [4], Acremonium charticola and Rhizopus oryzae on cassava pulp [3], Cunninghamella elegans CCF 2591 on spelt brans [12], Trichoderma viride on copra meal [13], and Trichoderma virens on palm-fruit husk [14]. Certík et al [15] observed that SSF with Cunninghamella echinulata ATHUM 4411 produces mainly gamma-linolenic acid (18:3,GLA).…”

Effects ofTrichodermafermented wheat bran on growth performance, intestinal morphology and histological findings in broiler chickens

“…Hatta et al (2014) showed that broilers supplemented with 15% Trichoderma viride-fermented copra meal had the same growth rate as the control group. Similarly, Odeniyi et al (2012) indicated that dietary supplementation with Trichoderma virens-fermented palm-fruit husk had no significant effect on body weight or egg weight in layers. Aderolu et al (2007) pointed out that rice husks fermented with Trichoderma viride demonstrated both improved energy content and greater degradation of lignocellulosic content compared to non-fermented materials.…”

Dynamics of bacterial and archaeal communities during horse bedding and green waste composting

“…4 ). Increasing in the Young phase, this group included the Bacillales species: Bacillus borbori , Bacillus coagulans , Brevibacillus thermoruber , Brevibacillus borstelens is, Cohnella panacarvi , Ureibacillus terrenus , Thermobacillus composti , as well as four Paenibacillus and three Geobacillus species ( Ali, Hemeda & Abdelaliem, 2019 ; Makky, 2009 ; Odeniyi, Onilude & Ayodele, 2009 ; Ting et al, 2013 ; Togo et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2013 ; Watanabe et al, 2007 ; Zainudin et al, 2013 ), while increases from Young to Middle phase were limited to the species Clostridium colicanis , Gracilibacter thermotolerans and Ruminiclostridium thermocellum from Clostridiales, and Thermomonospora curvata and Thermomonospora chromogena from Streptosporangiales ( File S2 ) ( Chertkov et al, 2011 ; Greetham et al, 2003 ; Sheng et al, 2016 ; Wu et al, 2018 ). Within the plant cell wall matrix, cellulose is recalcitrant to deconstruction and requires the sequential action of enzymes (endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and β-glucosidases) for glucose liberation ( Béguin & Aubert, 1994 ), which are characterized by higher efficiency under thermophilic conditions ( Tuomela et al, 2000 ).…”