Sampling plan for the analysis of aflatoxin in peanuts and corn: an update

Fonseca, Homero

doi:10.1590/s1517-83822002000200001

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Several scientific studies have used and recommended the Boerner divider for homogenization and dilution of working samples (Doughtie Júnior, 1947;Fonseca, 2002;Al-Mahasneh & Rababah, 2007), sample divider with inverted channels (sample quartering device) and Gamet divider (Fonseca, 2002;Calori-Domingues et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size of samples and homogenizers during classification of damaged soybeans

Quirino¹,

Resende

Fonseca

et al. 2019

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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Grain quality determination involves important stages such as collection of the representative sample, homogenization, and dilution. The interrelation among sampling, homogenization, and working sample size is essential to the reliability of the information generated. Therefore, this work aimed to analyse the performance of mechanical homogenizers used in the commercialization of grains in Brazil, as a function of the size of the working sample masses during grain classification. The samples were homogenized and diluted in Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter until reaching masses of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.125 kg to determine the level of damaged grains. A 3 x 4 x 5 factorial design was used, meaning three treatments relative to homogenizers (Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter), four dilutions (4, 8, 12 and 16% damaged grains), and five grain sample sizes (0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.125 kg) with nine repetitions. The means were compared by Tukey test and to the original means of prepared samples (4, 8, 12, and 16%) by Student’s t-test. Working samples can be utilized with masses between 0.025 and 0.125 kg to classify damaged soybeans grains. The devices Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter are similar in the reduction and homogenization of soybean samples for different levels of damaged grains and sample sizes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger quantities of samples require the reduction in the amount of material, randomly, using homogenizers and splitters of samples (Fonseca, 2002). The normative instruction (NI) MAPA n° 11/2007 (Brasil, 2007) establishes that the sample intended for classification needs to be homogenized and reduced by quartering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size of samples and homogenizers during classification of damaged soybeans

Quirino¹,

Resende

Fonseca

et al. 2019

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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Fungi and Aflatoxin Levels in Traditionally Processed Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Products in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Obong’o

Ayodo

Kawaka

et al. 2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of carbohydrates, calcium, vitamins (B and C), and essential minerals and is the third most important source of calories in the tropics. However, it is not clear if the traditional processing methods expose the products to microbial contamination. This study assessed the levels of fungi and aflatoxin contamination in traditionally processed cassava products (Akuoga and Abeta). A total of 38 samples were collected from the local markets in 7 subcounties in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The levels of aflatoxin were determined using an indirect competitive ELISA protocol. Yeast and mould contamination was determined using ISO 21527-2 method. Mean aflatoxin levels in chopped, fermented, and sun-dried cassava (Akuoga) were 0.36 μg/kg compared to 0.25 μg/kg in chopped and sun-dried (Abeta) products. Aflatoxin contamination was detected in 55% of the samples and ranged from 0–5.33 μg/kg. These levels are within 10 μg/kg recommended by the CODEX STAN 193-1995. Yeast and mould counts in fermented and chopped sun-dried products were 3.16 log Cfu/g and 2.92 log Cfu/g, respectively. The yeast and mould counts were above standards set by East African Standard 739:2010 in 62% (Akuoga) and 58% (Abeta). The most prevalent fungal species were Saccharomyces cerevisiae (68.4%) and Candida rugosa (68%) followed by Candida parapsilosis (18.4%), Candida tropicalis (15.8%), Candida humilis (15.8%), and Aspergillus spp. (5.3%). Aspergillus spp. was the only mycotoxigenic mould isolated from the samples. The study shows that cassava consumers are exposed to the risk of aflatoxin poisoning. The study, therefore, recommends appropriate surveillance to ensure safety standards.

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Ocorrência de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas em produtos à base de milho e milho utilizado como ingrediente de ração para animais de companhia, comercializados na região de Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo

Cruz¹

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Sampling plan for the analysis of aflatoxin in peanuts and corn: an update

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Size of samples and homogenizers during classification of damaged soybeans

Size of samples and homogenizers during classification of damaged soybeans

Fungi and Aflatoxin Levels in Traditionally Processed Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Products in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Ocorrência de aflatoxinas e fumonisinas em produtos à base de milho e milho utilizado como ingrediente de ração para animais de companhia, comercializados na região de Pirassununga, Estado de São Paulo

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