ABX3 inorganic halide perovskites for solar cells: chemical and crystal structure stability

Abstract

Solar energy is one of the most promising and developed technologies in recent years, due to its high efficiency and low cost. Perovskite-type solar cells have been the focus of attention by the world scientific community. The main objective of this article is to present an (PSCs) analysis of the various investigations reported on the development of ABX3 inorganic halide perovskite-based solar cells, with emphasis in the effect that temperature and humidity have on their chemical and crystal structure stability. The main methods that are used to obtain ABX3 inorganic halide perovskites are also presented and analyzed. An analysis about the structure of these photovoltaic cells and how to improve their efficiency (PCS), fill factor (FF), short circuit current density (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) of these devices is presented. As a conclusion, a relationship of the methods, synthesis variables, and type of inorganic halide perovskite used for the development of devices with the best efficiencies is presented; the trends towards which this area of science is heading are also highlighted.

CsPbI 3 lead and CsSnI 3 lead‐free perovskite materials for solar cell device

“…As demonstrated in the schematic diagram presented in Figure 4, 59 the PSC mechanism design is composed of a thick compact layer of TiO 2 on FTO, an active layer of CsPbBr 3 perovskite, the interface of CsPbI 3 , HTM of Spiro‐OMeTAD material, as well as a back contact of thermally evaporated Au layer.…”

“…The preparation of the α-CsPbI 3 interfacial layer from (A) PbI 2 and (B) HPbI 3 as precursor solutions 47 F I G U R E 4 CsPbI 3 interface layer in the PVCs solar cell 59 a fill factor (FF) of 0.69. As CsPbI 3 QDs were introduced to the FAMAPbI 3 /HTM interface, the PCE rose considerably to 18.56% due to considerable increases in the V OC to 1.092 V and J SC to 24.42 mA.cm À2 , when compared to the PSC in the absence of QDs.…”

Optimization and Performance Analysis of Inorganic Lead-Free CsSnBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells Using Diverse Electron Transport Materials

“…9−13 Simultaneously, lead (Pb) is positioned in the B cation site, while iodine(I), chlorine (Cl), and bromine (Br) are integrated into the X anion site within the well-defined ABX 3 perovskite structure. 14 Nevertheless, the presence of toxic and heavy metals, particularly lead, throughout the lifecycle of PSCs raises significant environmental concerns. 6−8 Despite the high efficiency achieved, the skepticism from both research communities and the industry regarding its future has led to a growing interest in Pb-free perovskite materials.…”

“…This impressive level of efficiency positions PSCs as formidable competitors to traditional silicon solar cells. Remarkably, PSCs are on the verge of commercialization, marking a significant milestone within just over a decade since their inception. , However, the journey of PSCs toward industrialization faces significant hurdles, primarily revolving around the stability of the device in ambient air under illumination and concerns regarding the toxicity of the materials employed. − To date, the most effective formulation for PSCs comprises a synergistic blend of methylammonium, formamidinium (FA), and cesium (Cs + ) strategically placed in the A cation site. − Simultaneously, lead (Pb) is positioned in the B cation site, while iodine­(I), chlorine (Cl), and bromine (Br) are integrated into the X anion site within the well-defined ABX 3 perovskite structure . Nevertheless, the presence of toxic and heavy metals, particularly lead, throughout the lifecycle of PSCs raises significant environmental concerns. − Despite the high efficiency achieved, the skepticism from both research communities and the industry regarding its future has led to a growing interest in Pb-free perovskite materials.…”

Influence of pressure on structural, electronic, optical, and elastic properties of lead-free chalcogen perovskite LaLuS3 via first-principles calculations: implications for optoelectronic applications

“…These materials have shown remarkable advancements in augmenting solar conversion efficiency. The exceptional versatility exhibited by perovskite materials at the molecular level garners unprecedented attention, thereby paving the way for significant breakthroughs in the realm of solar energy conversion efficiency [1][2][3]. These Perovskite compounds, in their three-dimensional form, are characterized by the general chemical formula ABX 3 .…”