Stabilization effect of kraft lignin into PBAT:Thermal analyses approach

Abstract

Sterically hindered phenols are an important class of synthetic antioxidants for polymers, commonly incorporated to inhibit polyolefins or polyesters oxidation. However, synthetic antioxidants use is under restricted regulation due to their potential health risk and environmental impacts. Thus, great interest has been attracted to the phenol-based natural antioxidant such as lignin. This work aimed to evaluate the thermostability of kraft lignin (KL) as a natural antioxidant when incorporated into poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) matrix. PBAT-KL films (0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%, by mass) were prepared by twin-screw extrusion followed by thermo-compression. These materials were examined in detail for their effect on the thermal stability using the oxidative induction time (OIT), oxidative induction temperature (OIT emp) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). According to the results, lignin-containing compositions have improved thermal resistance in oxidative environment, compared to neat PBAT. However, 10 wt.% lignin composition presented the lowest thermostability among lignin-containing compositions. The results showed that kraft lignin promotes the thermal stabilization of PBAT films at the optimal concentration of 1% by mass.

Lignocellulosic Materials for the Production of Biofuels, Biochemicals and Biomaterials and Applications of Lignocellulose-Based Polyurethanes: A Review

“…Working on natural rubber modification, Gregorová et al [ 166 ] showed that the lignin addition also increased the thermo-oxidative long-term resistance. On the contrary, Tavares et al [ 167 ] reported that a simple 1% lignin addition reinforces the poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) matrix. On the other hand, Lisperguer et al [ 168 ] demonstrated that lignin addition to recycled polystyrene could provide similar characteristics to the native polymer.…”

Vegetal Polyphenol Extracts as Antioxidants for the Stabilization of PLA: Toward Fully Biobased Polymer Formulation

“…27 Several researchers used lignin, a phenolic polymer, as a suitable and cheap natural antioxidant for polyesters with regard to the weathering of PLA 28 and the thermo-oxidation of polybutylene adipate terephthalate. 29 An environment-friendly and cost-effective strategy for polymer stabilization is the use of vegetal extracts containing molecules of interest, such as polyphenol natural antioxidants. Investigations are conducted on the valorization and exploitation of biowaste and agri-food byproducts as a resource of high-value additives.…”

“…Within the tannins class, tannic acid procured an effective thermal stabilization of PHB, constituting a promising thermal and processing stabilizer . Several researchers used lignin, a phenolic polymer, as a suitable and cheap natural antioxidant for polyesters with regard to the weathering of PLA and the thermo-oxidation of polybutylene adipate terephthalate …”

“… 27 Several researchers used lignin, a phenolic polymer, as a suitable and cheap natural antioxidant for polyesters with regard to the weathering of PLA 28 and the thermo-oxidation of polybutylene adipate terephthalate. 29 …”

Avaliação das potencialidades dos extratos vegetais de jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora) e cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) para uso em embalagens ativas antimicrobianas e antioxidantes

“…Outra característica das embalagens ativas é o tipo de polímero utilizado, logo, aliando as questões ambientais e econômicas [8], o poli (butileno adipato co-tereftalato) (PBAT), vem sendo estudado como uma alternativa para substituição dos polímeros convencionais. O PBAT é um copoliéster alifático-aromático produzido por reação de condensação a partir do 1,4 butanodiol, ácido adípico e ácido tereftálico, apresenta boas propriedades térmicas e mecânicas, sendo similar as características encontradas no polietileno de baixa densidade [9]. O PBAT tem como nome comercial ECOFLEX, sendo produzido pela BASF (Alemanha).…”