Multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polymer as a bonded repair for Al 2024-T3 fatigue crack growth

Monsalve, Alberto; Solís, Roberto; Díaz, Mauricio; Carrasco, Sebastian E.; Artigas, Alfredo

doi:10.1590/s1517-707620180004.0569

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Some factors, such as functionalization, purity, size, length, diameter, poor or no dispersion in water, surface chemistry, and no treatment for disposal, enhance the toxicity of CNTs in nature [5]. Because of the large production and wide application of these nanocomposites in various sectors of society, assessing the impact of CNTs on the environment is essential [1,[6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina): a Morphological, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study

Souza,

Silva,

Carneiro

et al. 2024

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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We describe the toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in two aquatic species: Danio rerio and Artemia salina. Fish were exposed to 25 mg L -1 , 50 mg L -1 , and 100 mg L -1 MWCNTs for 7 days. After exposure, the gills from D. rerio showed lamellar fusion and epithelial lifting in the secondary lamellae, and vasodilation in the primary lamellae. In the gills, heat shock protein 70 and Bax (pro apoptotic member) were stained more intensely in the treated groups than in the control group. The nauplii of A. salina were exposed to 25 µg L -1 , 50 µg L -1 , and 100 µg L -1 MWCNTs for 96 h. After exposure, the nauplii from the control group presented 20 % mortality, whereas the 25 µg mL -1 , 50 µg mL -1 , and 100 µg L -1 groups had 46.7 %, 70 %, and 100 % mortality, respectively. The nauplii exposed to 25 µg mL 1 and 50 µg mL 1 MWCNTs had black aggregates in the intestine because of the uptake of nanomaterials. In addition, the 25 µg mL -1 and 50 µg mL -1 MWCNT groups had black aggregates attached onto the body surface, appendages of the second pair, and mandibles.The results revealed the toxic effects of MWCNTs on the two aquatic organisms, and both species showed great potential for toxicological evaluation of MWCNTs in aquatic environments. HIGHLIGHTSHistological changes in zebrafish gills after exposed to MWCNTs; Zebrafish gills from treated groups with MWCNTs displayed strong staining for HSP 70 and the Bax; MWCNTs promoted mortality to Artemia salina nauplii; MWCNTs were uptake by Artemia sallina nauplii;

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina): a Morphological, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study

Souza,

Silva,

Carneiro

et al. 2024

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…This work further revealed that CFRP patch is a feasible choice for repairing damaged metal structures. Monsalve et al [17] selected CNTs as a reinforcement in the epoxy resin to decrease the fatigue crack propagation rate in the 2024 T3 Al alloy. The results showed that a small amount of CNTs is helpful to extend the fatigue crack propagation life of Al alloy structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CNT Toughened Strategy Used for In-Situ Repair of Aircraft Composite Structure

Tang¹,

Liu²,

Fei³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study aims to develop an in-situ field repair approach, special for aircraft composite structures, to enhance the interlaminar toughness of plain woven composites (PWCs) by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs are dispersed at each interface between prepreg layers by means of solvent spraying with the density is 1.58 g/m2. And then, the layers are stacked with the predefined sequence and cured at 120℃ and 1 bar pressure using the heat repairing instrument. Moreover, double cantilever beam (DCB) standard test is used to investigate the interlaminar toughening effect due to the MWCNTs. For comparison, original samples are also prepared, the results indicate that the introduction of MWCNTs can favorably enhance the interlaminar toughness of PWCs at field repair approach and the Mode I fracture energy release rate GIC increases by 102.92%. Based on finite element method (FEM) of continuum damage mechanics, the original and MWCNTs toughening specimen under DCB Mode I fracture are modeled and analyzed. The simulation and experiment are in good agreement. Finally, the toughening mechanism of MWCNTs is explored by scanning electron microscope (SEM), it is founded that a large amount of Fiber-matrix (F-M) interface debonding and matrix cracking of mountain shape are the major modes of fracture accompanied with few fiber breakage and matrix peeling off for the MWCNTs toughening specimens.

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“…That work foundd that CFRP patching is a feasible choice for repairing damaged metal structures. Monsalve et al [ 18 ] selected CNTs as a reinforcement in epoxy resin to decrease the fatigue crack propagation rate in a 2024 T3 Al alloy. The results showed that a small amount of CNTs is helpful in extending the life of Al alloy structures with fatigue crack propagation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CNT-Toughened Strategy for In-Situ Repair of Aircraft Composite Structures

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to develop an in-situ field-repair approach, especially for aircraft composite structures, to enhance the interlaminar toughness of plain-woven composites (PWCs) by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs were dispersed at each interface between prepreg layers by means of solvent spraying, with a density of 1.58 g/m2. Then, the layers were stacked with the predefined sequence and cured at 120 °C and 1 bar pressure, using a heat-repairing instrument. A standard double cantilever beam (DCB) test was used to investigate the interlaminar toughening effect that was due to the MWCNTs. For comparison, original samples were also prepared. The results indicated that the introduction of MWCNTs can favorably enhance the interlaminar toughness of PWCs in a field-repair approach and the Mode I fracture energy release rate, GIC, increased by 102.92%. Based on the finite element method (FEM) of continuum damage mechanics, the original samples and the MWCNTs toughening specimen under DCB Mode I fracture were modeled and analyzed. The simulation and the experiment were in good agreement. Finally, when the toughening mechanism of MWCNTs was explored with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we found that a large amount of fiber-matrix (F-M) interface debonding and matrix cracking in mountain shape were the major modes of fracture, accompanied by a small amount of fiber breakage and matrix peeling for the MWCNTs-toughening specimens.

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Multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polymer as a bonded repair for Al 2024-T3 fatigue crack growth

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Toxic Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina): a Morphological, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study

Toxic Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on the Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina): a Morphological, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study

A CNT Toughened Strategy Used for In-Situ Repair of Aircraft Composite Structure

A CNT-Toughened Strategy for In-Situ Repair of Aircraft Composite Structures

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