“…In the hardened state, the cracks are originated from design errors (e.g., the misconception of the service load, lack of reinforcement detailing, and errors in designing calculation) or construction defects (e.g., incorrect placement of steel, inadequate concrete cover, incorrectly made construction joints, insufficient compaction, segregation, poor curing conditions, and high water to cement ratio) (JUMAAT et al, 2006). Different factors influence the crack pattern, such as the properties of steel and concrete, and size of the beam (FAYYAD and LESS, 2017;PIRES et al, 2018).…”