Yeasts and filamentous fungi in bottled mineral water and tap water from municipal supplies

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of yeasts and filamentous fungi in drinking water

Microbiological monitoring mf mineral water commercialized in Brazil

“…However, immunodeficient patients are widely susceptive to fungal infections and some previous works have reported the isolation of fungi in bottled water (7,19,26,30).…”

“…Even though it has been associated with purity due to its underground origin, it may not be true that the microbiological quality of mineral water is superior to the quality of the water available from public supplies (30). Another research also reports the prevalence of the genera Penicillium sp, Cladosporium sp, and Alternaria sp as determined in the mycological analysis of mineral water (7).…”

Desempenho dos métodos de identificação de leveduras de água engarrafada: alta prevalência de Candida parapsilosis

“…In addition, Candida species are the most prevalent yeast in the water (17.9%) (ARVANITIDOU et al, 1999;PIRES-GONÇALVES et al, 2008). With continuing concern regarding problems of water pollution, in particular drinking water, it is appropriate to consider yeast Candida genus as a potential indicator of water quality (BUCK; BUBUCIS, 1978;YAMAGUCHI et al, 2007). Furthermore, some researchers had show that bottled water is a potential transmission route for bacteria and fungi both in hospitals and the community in the examined region and may pose a health hazard mainly for the immunocompromised host (ARVANITIDOU et al, 1999;PIRES-GONÇALVES et al, 2008;SCOARIS et al, 2008;YAMAGUCHI et al, 2007).…”

“…Amongst fungi, Fusarium spp. have been the most abundant genus found, whereas C. parapsilosis the predominant yeast species (PIRES-GONÇALVES et al, 2008;YAMAGUCHI et al, 2007).…”

“…The Food and Drug Administration regulates bottled water solely on the basis of coliform content (ROSENBERG, 2003), whereas the Brazilian directives regulate water from municipal water supplies on the basis of coliform content and heterotrophic plate count, whereas more stringent bottled mineral water regulations prohibit the presence of a group of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosas, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Clostridia) (ANVISA, 2000(ANVISA, , 2004. Besides bacteria as water contaminant, yeasts and filamentous fungi can be present in the bottled water and also in water used in hospital procedure (PIRES-GONÇALVES et al, 2008;YAMAGUCHI et al, 2007). Most of these organisms come from the source water itself and are not problematic for healthy individuals; however they can cause invasive infections, mainly in immunocompromised hosts associated with viral infection, hematological diseases, organ transplants, antibiotic usage, and more intensive and aggressive medical practices (COLOMBO et al, 2006).…”