“…Under aerobic conditions, phenol may be converted by the bacterial biomass to carbon dioxide; other intermediates such as benzoate, catechol, cis-cismuconate, -ketoadipate, succinate and acetate are known to be formed during the biodegradation process [12]. P. putida has been studied by many researchers in free and immobilized forms, using different types of bioreactors [2,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”