Random amplified polymorphisms between two South American subspecies of rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus collilineatus and Crotalus durissus terrificus)

Abstract

The present work was made to determine the suitability of RAPD analysis for the identification of specimens of two subspecies of South American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus and Crotalus durissus collilineatus).The 11

Isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial species from different crop fields of Salem, Tamil Nadu, India

“…For fingerprinting and diversity analysis, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification conditions were optimized based on the protocol outlined by Echeverrigaray et al [9] with minor modifications. In order to obtain high amplification rate and reproducible banding pattern, different duration for hot start, denaturation, and primer annealing, and primer extension were tried.…”

Geographic variation of individual venom profile of Crotalus durissus snakes

“…An analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA conducted by Echeverrigaray et al [ 5 ] supported the separation of C. durissus into C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus . Conversely, Wuster et al [ 2 ], based on mtDNA data, showed that South American populations of C. durissus complex are phylogenetically closely related, and the poorly defined phylogeographical pattern observed south of the Amazon suggests that subspecific distinctions are unwarranted.…”

“…These two subspecies are distinguished from each other mostly by their geographical distribution and morphological traits, such as the pattern of longitudinal bands on the neck [ 5 , 9 , 10 ]. C. d. collilineatus occurs in central and northeastern Brazil, including parts of Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, southwestern Bahia, western Minas Gerais, São Paulo (where it intergrades with C. d. terrificus ) and probably extending southward Paraná [ 1 ].…”

“…C. d. terrificus , in turn, is found in southeastern Brazil, from Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul north to Minas Gerais [ 1 ] ( Figure 1 ). Because the two subspecies are sympatric in São Paulo state [ 1 , 11 ], the classification of specimens collected in this region cannot be achieved unambiguously, due to the possibility of crosses between the two subspecies and the gene flow between them [ 5 ].…”

Genetic relationships among species of the genus Bothrops based on RAPD markers

“…The apparent advantage of the RAPD analysis over other techniques is that it requires no foreknowledge about any particular gene in a target taxon, and that it is random with respect to the genome covering all of it if using a large number of primers. RAPD analysis has been used in molecular ecology studies to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, and analyze mixed genome samples (Hadrys et al, 1992), and in systematic studies at intraspecific (Master, 1995;Echeverrigaray et al, 2001) and interspecific levels (Master, 1995;Ryabinina et al, 1997). In spite of the utility of DNA approaches solving systematic problems, the application of these techniques to the genus Bothrops (sensus stricto) and its relatives is limited to a few reports.…”