Performance, abdominal fat deposition and bone characteristics of broilers fed diets containing different lipid sources

Abstract

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance, abdominal fat yield, and bone parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing different lipid feedstuffs as energy source. During the starter phase (1 to 21 days) of Experiment 1, a completely randomized design with four treatments with eight replicates of 49 birds each one was applied. Broilers were fed starter diets formulated with different lipid sources: soybean oil (SO), cottonseed oil (CO), poultry offal oil (PO), and beef tallow (BT). During the finisher phase (21 to 42 days) of Experiment 1, each initial treatment was divided in two experimental groups: one fed the same fat ingredient as the previous period, and the other fed SO as energy source. Thus, during this period, a completely randomized design with seven treatments, four replicates, and 43 broilers per experimental unit was tested. During the starter phase (1 to 21 days) of Experiment 2, all broilers were fed with the same soybean oilsupplemented diet. The experimental groups were divided during the finisher phase (21 to 42 d) in a completely randomized design with five treatments groups with six replicates of 30 birds each. During this period, treatments consisted of diets formulated with SO, rapeseed oil (RO), sunflower oils (SFO), PO, or BT as lipid sources. No effects (P>0.05) of the treatments on any of the studied parameters were observed in either experiment. Results suggest that there is no influence of animal or vegetable dietary lipid sources on performance, abdominal fat deposition, or tibia density and strength in broilers. INTRODUCTIONImprovement in genetic selection for fast growth has resulted in earlyfinishing broilers with high muscle deposition. However, broiler bone tissue growth has not suffered the same influence of these physiologic processes, consequently increasing the incidence of leg problems and bone weakness.Bird skeletal development and bone modeling of birds are highly influenced by a complex interaction among genetic potential, environment, and nutrition (Watkins et al., 2001). Some studies showed the influence of dietary lipid source on bone tissue development and cell membrane phospholipid composition, influencing bone cell function (Watkins et al., 2000;Liu & Denbow, 2001).Improved performance and bone mineralization was observed when linseed oil was added to the diet of 1-7-d-old broilers, without any positive effects on subsequent breeding (Garcia, 2006). In addition, studies both with birds and mammalians showed the inhibitory influences of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fat tissue synthesis (Ntambi, 1991;Sanz et al., 2000). These effects may explain why polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased abdominal fat deposition. 240Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of different dietary lipid sources on broiler performance, abdominal fat deposition, and bone characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODSTwo experiments were carried out at the poultry facilities of Iguatemi Experimental Farm (FEI), Maringá State University (UEM),...

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