Changes in composition, antioxidant content, and antioxidant capacity of coffee pulp during the ensiling process

Abstract

-The objective of the present study was to determine the nutritive value, the presence of antioxidant compounds, and the antioxidant capacity of coffee pulp ensiled or non-ensiled. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and lignin, as well as the antioxidant compounds present in coffee pulp and their antioxidant capacity, were determined. A completely randomized design was used. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Ensiling of coffee pulp increased the CP content from 98.6 to 111.6 g kg −1 DM, NDF from 414.6 to 519.5 g kg −1 DM, ADF from 383.9 to 439.3 g kg −1 DM, and lignin from 122.9 to 133.6 g kg −1 DM. Caffeine decreased from 5.72 to 5.02 mg g −1 DM. Three antioxidant compounds were detected. Caffeic acid decreased due to ensiling (16.49 vs 14.69 mg g −1 DM). Gallic acid (2.88 vs 2.58 mg g −1 DM) and chlorogenic acid (62.12 vs 56.00 mg g −1 DM) did not differ, and there was similar antioxidant capacity of non-ensiled (215.66 µmol trolox g −1 DM) and ensiled coffee pulp (206.59 µmol trolox g −1 DM). Despite the decrease in the caffeic acid content due to the ensiling process, it is possible to use either ensiled or non-ensiled coffee pulp for animal feeding because of its high antioxidant capacity.

Coffee pulp supplementation prior to breeding improves oxidative status without affecting fertility of primiparous ewes

“…According to these data, the damage that caffeine could cause depends on the dose consumed. Coffee pulp contains 0.57% caffeine (Salinas et al, 2014), so consumption of 150 g of coffee pulp in the treatment with 10% supplementation would be equivalent to a consumption of 0.855 g caffeine, although part of this caffeine could be degraded in the rumen.…”

“…However, little is known about the use of coffee pulp in reproduction. Considering its antioxidant compounds (Salinas et al, 2014), coffee residues have been tested prior to mating and during early gestation in sheep, finding that supplementation with 450 g concentrate with 25% coffee pulp decreased gestation. Additionally, no more losses are observed when supplementation is suspended.…”

“…Additionally, no more losses are observed when supplementation is suspended. Coffee pulp contains 0.57% caffeine (Salinas et al, 2014) which could cause reproductive problems, since studies in women have reported that high caffeine intake reduces fertility (Fumihiro et al, 2005). However, Nawrot et al (2003) reported that this effect on fertility is reduced for intakes lower than 300 mg/day.…”

Biorefinery Concept Applied to Phytochemical Extraction and Bio-Syngas Production using Agro-Industrial Waste Biomass: A Review

“…In Colombia, a few industries have adopted this concept and recover this type of active or functional principles because their content in vegetable raw material is relatively low (Lapkin et al, 2014). Furthermore, if the energy in second-generation biomass, which is not efficiently recovered to make other functional products, given that it is generally employed as fertilizer or low-quality fuel (Bilhat Chala, Sajid Latif, 2015;Lapkin et al, 2014;Salinas Rios et al, 2014;Torres-Mancera et al, 2011), all its potential for adding value is wasted and it becomes an environmental issue (Hughes et al, 2014).…”

Extraction Techniques of Phenolic Compounds from Plants

“…Phenolics are one of the major and diverse group of active compounds in the plants which have at least one aromatic ring and one or more hydroxyl groups in their structures [5,6]. They can be divided in two categories.…”