Microclimate in silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus in rank with different heights

Souza, Wander de; Barbosa, Orlando Rus; Marqués, Jair de Araújo; Costa, Marco Aurélio Teixeira; Gasparino, Eliane; Limberger, Erni

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982010000300030

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…This observation demonstrates the importance of plant arrangement in tree rows acting as windbreaks. Baliscei et al (2013), Souza et al (2010) found that, in terms of reduced incidence of winds, microclimatic changes in the silvopastoral systems promoted better animal comfort.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

et al. 2015

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In this study, the microclimate changes in silvopastoral systems are quantified at different time and spatial scales and compared with single-pasture systems. The study was conducted in a silvopastoral system in São Carlos, Brazil (22°01' South and 47°53' West). The silvopastoral system consisted of grass pastures [Urochloa (sin. Brachiaria) decumbens cv. Basilik] lined with strips of native trees spaced at 17 m. Continuous microclimate measurements (air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and incident photosynthetically active radiation) were carried out from September 2010 to September 2012 at two positions of the silvopastoral system (2.0 and 8.5 m from the rows of trees) and at a pasture under full sunlight, located in an adjacent area. The soil moisture was monitored weekly from 24 March 2010 to 1 April 2012 at distances of 0.0, 2.0, 4.75, and 8.5 m from the rows of trees. The rows of native trees reduced wind speeds (46% reduction) and changed the photosynthetically active radiation incidence pattern on the pasture (up to 40% reduction of incidence at the point nearest to the trees). The combined action of these factors promoted thermal and air humidity changes on the pasture at the different points measured. With respect to soil moisture, there was greater soil moisture removal at the sampling points near the rows of native trees under the silvopastoral system, mainly due to enhanced exploration by tree roots at greater depths in dry spells or early dry periods, when compared with the midpoints between the rows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trees, assisting to stabilize the microclimate, protect animals from extreme heat or cold by providing thermal comfort, with positive effects on the productivity of the herd (Baliscei et al, 2013;Souza et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

et al. 2015

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“…Thus, for the soybean yield determination, the negative effect exerted by the eucalyptus competition for environmental resources overcame possible benefits on the understory microclimate, such as lower maximum temperatures, increased relative humidity and decreased evapotranspiration (BERNARDINO, GARCIA, 2009;SOUZA et al, 2010). One way to reduce the negative effect of eucalyptus on the soybean yield is using a wider tree row spacing (more than 14 m, used in this The percent differences between the normalized soybean yields within and outside the eucalyptus rows were highly dependent on the sampling position between the eucalyptus rows, as well as on the growing season (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield of soybean, pasture and wood in integrated crop-livestock-forest system in Northwestern Paraná state, Brazil

Franchini¹,

Balbinot²,

Sichieri³

et al. 2014

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

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-The integrated crop-livestock-forest system can enhance the production of soybeans, meat and wood in regions characterized by sandy soils and warm climate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of soybean, Urochloa ruziziensis grass and eucalyptus in an integrated system during the first four years after the establishment of eucalyptus in the northwestern region of Paraná state, Brazil. The experiment was established in October 2009, using soybean (summer) -U. ruziziensis (autumn/winter) succession between single rows of Corymbia maculata (eucalyptus species). The spacing between tree rows and eucalyptus plants in the row were 14 and 4.2 m, respectively. Adjacent plots had the same soybean-U. ruziziensis succession, but without eucalyptus. The spatial variability of soybean grain yields and grass shoot dry matter production was evaluated with and without trees, and the data was analyzed using geostatistics, with the results expressed as spatial variability maps. The tree component did not significantly affect soybean yield in the first two growing seasons. In the 3rd and 4th growing season (2011/12 and 2012/13), the interference of eucalyptus reduced the soybean grain yield by 2.9 and 27.0%, respectively, and the effect was stronger close to the tree rows. In July 2012, the tree component reduced the shoot dry matter productivity of U. ruziziensis by 29.2%. At 19 and 35 months after eucalyptus planting, the cumulative wood volume production was 0.73 and 5.17 m 3 ha -1, respectively.Key words: Eucalyptus. Glycine max L.. Urochloa ruziziensis. Sandy soil. Spatial and temporal variability.RESUMO -O sistema integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta pode viabilizar a produção de soja, carne e madeira em regiões que apresentam solos arenosos e clima quente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de soja, Urochloa ruziziensis e eucalipto em sistema integrado, durante os quatro primeiros anos de implantação, na região Noroeste do Paraná. O experimento foi implantado em outubro de 2009, usando a sucessão soja-U. ruziziensis nos entre renques simples de Corymbia maculata (espécie de eucalipto utilizada). Os espaçamentos entre renques e plantas foram de 14 e 4,2 m, respectivamente. Em área contígua, foi usada a mesma sucessão de culturas, mas sem o eucalipto. Os rendimentos de soja e de capim foram avaliados na ausência e presença de árvores, de forma espacializada, sendo os dados analisados por geoestatística e os resultados expressos por mapas de variabilidade espacial. O componente arbóreo não afetou a produtividade de soja nas duas primeiras safras. Na terceira e quarta safras, 2011/12 e 2012/13, a redução de produtividade ocasionada pela interferência do eucalipto foi de 2,9 e 27,0%, sendo mais intensa nas proximidades das árvores.

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“…Buffington et al (1981) compared the Black Globe-Humidity Index and THI as a describer of cow comfort in shaded and un-shaded Holstein dairy cows. There were no discernible differences found in the shaded locations (P > 0.05), however Buffington et al (1981) and Souza et al (2010) both highlighted that Black Globe-Humidity Index was considerably different between shaded and unshaded areas (P < 0.05: Figure 2.3). This outcome is expected as the Black Globe-Humidity Index is a function of black globe and dewpoint temperatures (Buffington et al, 1981), where black globe temperature is a function of SR ).…”

Section: Black Globe Temperature Humidity Indexmentioning

confidence: 87%

A heat load index for dairy cattle

Lees¹

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Summer is often associated with a decrease in production animal performance. This is particularly evident in dairy cows; where decreases in milk yields, conception rates, and changes in milk composition have been recorded for many years. For the US dairy industry, heat load has an annual economic burden between $ 897 and $ 1 500 million. In Australia, the cost of heat stress has been reported as approximately $ 11 986 per year for a 100 cow herd, averaging 25 litres per cow without access to shade. It is difficult to completely quantify the economic losses associated with heat load due to the interactions of heat load with feed intake; milk production and composition; and reproduction. Beyond this, high heat load (environmental and metabolic) can have a negative effect on cow welfare and wellbeing. In the tropics and sub-tropics summer conditions are of further concern. In these regions, dairy cows may be subjected to hot weather conditions outside their thermoneutral zone for considerable periods of time.Determining the effect of heat load on cattle has led to the development of a number of climatic indices. These models use ambient weather conditions to describe the effect they will have on the production and/or welfare of animals. The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is the model currently used in the Australian dairy industry. It utilises measures of ambient temperature (TA, °C) and relative humidity (RH) to produce a unit value that describes the effect of the thermal environment on the cow. However it has been highlighted that air movement and solar load affect thermal exchange mechanisms, thus influencing the heat load status of dairy cows. Given that the THI does not incorporate the effects of air movement or solar radiation on cows, there is the potential that the model may not adequately describe the effects of heat load on dairy cows.To date, there has not been a heat load model developed specifically for dairy cows housed outside in a sub-tropical environment that takes into account these parameters, and the associated effects on production efficiency. Therefore the experiments described within this thesis were to define the; Where BGT = black globe temperature (°C); and RH = relative humidity (decimal)Improvements in animal management have contributed to alleviating some of the negative effects of heat load. However summer conditions are still responsible for significant production losses and welfare concerns worldwide. Furthermore heat load cannot be completely eradicated where there are animal production operations in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Thus the ability to forecast and predict heat load conditions becomes integral to implementing effective mitigation strategies.Traditionally the THI has been defined as the gold standard in identifying the intensity of the thermal environment on lactating dairy cows, however the THI does not incorporate wind speed (WS, m/s) or solar radiation (SR; W/m 2 ), which are well known to influence thermal exchange mechanisms.The purpose of this thes...

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Microclimate in silvipastoral systems with eucalyptus in rank with different heights

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

Microclimate and soil moisture in a silvopastoral system in southeastern Brazil

Yield of soybean, pasture and wood in integrated crop-livestock-forest system in Northwestern Paraná state, Brazil

A heat load index for dairy cattle

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