Yield of soybean, pasture and wood in integrated crop-livestock-forest system in Northwestern Paraná state, Brazil

Abstract

-The integrated crop-livestock-forest system can enhance the production of soybeans, meat and wood in regions characterized by sandy soils and warm climate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of soybean, Urochloa ruziziensis grass and eucalyptus in an integrated system during the first four years after the establishment of eucalyptus in the northwestern region of Paraná state, Brazil. The experiment was established in October 2009, using soybean (summer) -U. ruziziensis (autumn/winter) succession between single rows of Corymbia maculata (eucalyptus species). The spacing between tree rows and eucalyptus plants in the row were 14 and 4.2 m, respectively. Adjacent plots had the same soybean-U. ruziziensis succession, but without eucalyptus. The spatial variability of soybean grain yields and grass shoot dry matter production was evaluated with and without trees, and the data was analyzed using geostatistics, with the results expressed as spatial variability maps. The tree component did not significantly affect soybean yield in the first two growing seasons. In the 3rd and 4th growing season (2011/12 and 2012/13), the interference of eucalyptus reduced the soybean grain yield by 2.9 and 27.0%, respectively, and the effect was stronger close to the tree rows. In July 2012, the tree component reduced the shoot dry matter productivity of U. ruziziensis by 29.2%. At 19 and 35 months after eucalyptus planting, the cumulative wood volume production was 0.73 and 5.17 m 3 ha -1, respectively.Key words: Eucalyptus. Glycine max L.. Urochloa ruziziensis. Sandy soil. Spatial and temporal variability.RESUMO -O sistema integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta pode viabilizar a produção de soja, carne e madeira em regiões que apresentam solos arenosos e clima quente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de soja, Urochloa ruziziensis e eucalipto em sistema integrado, durante os quatro primeiros anos de implantação, na região Noroeste do Paraná. O experimento foi implantado em outubro de 2009, usando a sucessão soja-U. ruziziensis nos entre renques simples de Corymbia maculata (espécie de eucalipto utilizada). Os espaçamentos entre renques e plantas foram de 14 e 4,2 m, respectivamente. Em área contígua, foi usada a mesma sucessão de culturas, mas sem o eucalipto. Os rendimentos de soja e de capim foram avaliados na ausência e presença de árvores, de forma espacializada, sendo os dados analisados por geoestatística e os resultados expressos por mapas de variabilidade espacial. O componente arbóreo não afetou a produtividade de soja nas duas primeiras safras. Na terceira e quarta safras, 2011/12 e 2012/13, a redução de produtividade ocasionada pela interferência do eucalipto foi de 2,9 e 27,0%, sendo mais intensa nas proximidades das árvores.

Qualidade física de Latossolo Vermelho em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária após cultivo de soja e pastejo em braquiária

“…Em regiões com clima frio e com altos teores de matéria orgânica no solo, o cultivo de aveia e azevém e o pastejo nessas culturas predominam na entressafra, enquanto nas regiões mais quentes e de solos menos férteis predomina o cultivo de braquiária (Machado & Valle, 2011;Franchini et al, 2014). Em solos arenosos, a baixa fertilidade normalmente, está associada a baixos teores de carbono orgânico total (COT), que é um atributo determinante para a qualidade física desses solos, especialmente quando mantidos permanentemente sob gramíneas forrageiras (Fidalski et al, 2010 (Marun, 1996).…”

Performance of Peltophorum dubium under intraspecific tree competition and cardinal directions as possibility for integrated livestock-forestry systems

“…However, the trees can result in negative effects on grain crops yields in tree crop zone (Nasielski et al, 2015) and pasture in case of higher tree competition (Burner and Brauer, 2003). As reported by Franchini et al (2014), decrease in soybean grain yield can be related to the age of the trees, which was not observed significant effects in the first two year of Eucalyptus species age; nonetheless, the decrease of soybean grain yield can achieve 27% after four years of Eucalyptus spp. establishment.…”

The use of Eucalyptus in agroforestry systems of southern Rwanda : to integrate of segregate

“…Significant depressions of crop yields have been reported in many areas when Eucalyptus trees were grown near crops. Even at very young age of two years, eucalypt seedlings reduced soybean yield by 27% (Franchini et al, 2014). In Ethiopia for example, tef and wheat yield depressions occurred over the first 12 m from the tree line, with declines of 20 to 73% for tef and 20 to 51% for wheat, equivalent to yield losses of 4.4 to 26% and 4.5 to 10% per hectare respectively (Kidanu et al, 2005).…”