Ácido linoléico conjugado em dietas para pacu: tempo de deposição, desempenho e perfil de ácidos graxos

Abstract

RESUMO -Avaliou-se a influência da adição (1,2%) de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) na dieta sobre o desempenho, a deposição e o perfil de ácidos graxos na carne de pacus. Foram utilizados 112 pacus em crescimento (256,19 ± 24,09), distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e quatro repetições, em oito tanques (1 m 3 cada), e alimentados até a saciedade aparente, três vezes ao dia, durante 60 dias. Utilizou-se dieta extrusada, com 28% PB e 3.000 kcal ED/kg de ração. A cada duas semanas, foram coletados oito peixes de cada tratamento (dois de cada repetição) para determinar a composição de ácidos graxos no tempo. Pela análise de Broken-line, a máxima deposição do cis-9, trans-11, trans-10, cis-12 e do CLA total foi estabelecida com 23, 20 e 21 dias, respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho e na composição química do peixe inteiro, do filé e do fígado. A deposição de CLA ocorreu em altas concentrações em todos os tecidos do pacu. O fornecimento de CLA na dieta afetou a composição de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados e monoinsaturados no peixe inteiro, filé e fígado. A deposição de CLA em pacus corresponde a até 3,6% dos lipídios totais no peixe inteiro e no filé.Palavras-chave: crescimento, filé, lipídios, n-3, n-6, Piaractus mesopotamicus Conjugated linoleic acid in pacu diets: deposition time, performance and fatty acids profileABSTRACT -This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inclusion (1.2%) on pacu performance and fillet fatty acids deposition and profile. A hundred and twelve growing pacus (256.19 ± 24.09 g of initial weight) were allotted to a completely randomized design with two treatments and four replicates, in eight tanks (1 m 3 each) and hand fed to apparent satiation, three times a day, for 60 days. Extruded diet with 28% CP and 3,000 kcal DE/kg of ration was fed. Every each two week, eight fish per treatment (two per replicate) were collected to determine the fillet fatty acid composition. Broken-line analysis indicated that the cis-9, trans-11, trans-10, cis-12 and the total CLA maximum deposition in "pacu" tissue muscle were established at 23, 20 and 21 days, respectively. CLA was deposited in high concentrations in all pacu tissues studied. No differences on performance and whole fish, fillet and liver compositions were observed. CLA dietary inclusion affected the total percentages of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in whole fish, fillet and liver. It was concluded that pacu can incorporate CLA in whole body and fillet up to 3.6% of total lipids.Key Words: fillet, growth, lipids, n-3, n-6, Piaractus mesopotamicus IntroduçãoNo Brasil, o interesse pela criação de peixes tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, principalmente por espécies nativas, como o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) (Fernandes et al., 2000), amplamente utilizada em criação intensiva por possuir alto valor comercial, pela rusticidade, precocidade, grande habilidade de ganho de peso, adaptabilidade aos ecossistemas aquacul...

Lipid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation in Tilapia Fillets Supplemented with a Blend of Oils and Vitamin E

“…Santos et al [14] reported the same behaviour in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fillets supplemented with CLA. According to Berge et al [35], CLA affects the metabolism of fatty acids and contributes to a more efficient use of essential fatty acids and less deposition of LC-PUFA in muscle tissue.…”

“…However, synthetically, it is possible to obtain the predominant cis-9, trans-11-CLA and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers [13]. CLA acts in arteriosclerosis prevention, as anticancer agents, and in human immune response as well as in body lipid reduction [14]. As a supplement in animal diets, CLA isomers have been associated with decreases in plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, without negative effects on the fish growth performance, assisting in obtaining fillets with reduced lipid levels and high protein values.…”

Incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and α-linolenic acid (LNA) in pacu fillets

“…The difference in the incorporation of the isomers is due to the fact that 9c, 11t is better incorporated into the lipid fractions (Yu et al, 1998), whereas 10t, 12c is related to energy metabolism (Pariza et al, 2001). The concentrations of CLA found in the muscle of Striped bass was 73.0 mg g -1 (Twibell et al, 2000); 19.0 mg g -1 in codfish fingerlings (Kennedy et al, 2007); and 35.8 mg g -1 in the muscle of pacu (Santos et al, 2009). These results indicate that the ability of fish to accumulate CLA varies according to the species; a consequence of differences in energy, metabolism, or diet composition (Santos et al, 2007b).…”

Composition and fatty acid profile of milk from cows on pasture subjected to licuri oil supplement

“…It is within this context that several studies (Rossato et al, 2009;Costa et al, 2009;Fernandes et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2009) have aimed to improve the nutritional composition of foods, mainly those of animal origin, intended for human consumption. The fatty acids (FA) profile is important in determining milk quality because both its quantity and food's lipid composition have a great influence on human health (Nörnberg et al, 2006).…”

“…The supplement of diets with oils may have different results in the production and milk composition as well as in the levels of proteins, fats, total solids and other milk components (Baumgard et al, 2007;Palmquist & Jenkins, 1980). Many studies have been conducted in this research area in recent years (Rossato et al, 2009;Costa et al, 2009;Fernandes et al, 2009;Santos et al, 2009).…”